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找，工资也往往高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。 参考译文（70）
1)A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies.2) Few are interested in research fields.3,4) This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.5) On the other hand as many big enterprises and even governments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest is long range research there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field where there are more jobs available with better salaries.7) All this has not only seriously influenced young people’s view on the choice of careers but on education as well.8) Many college these hers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. 72太湖
太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省的南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲的中心地带。这里物产丰富，气候温和，温差不大，雨量偏少，大多数时候阳光灿烂，万里晴空，是全年适合的旅游腹地。适宜的气候，尤其是优美的自然风景使她成为国家重点风景旅游城市闻名世界。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区。泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。距市区七公里的太湖梅梁景区是太湖风景之精华。碧波万顷，鱼帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚，巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩瀚的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处。” 参考译文（72）
1) Wuxi the pearl on the Tai Lake lies in the south of Jiangsu Province the center of the beautiful and rich Changjiang Delta.2) The mildness of its climate with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant skies all make it ideal for tourism all the year around.3) To these climatic advantages must be added the beauty of its natural attractions which have acquired an international reputation as a key national scenery city.4) The ancient Beijing-to-Hongzhou Canal as well-known as the Great Wall just runs through the city offering visitors on a boat a chance to get a view of the lives of people along the banks of the river.6) Merely 7 kilometers away from the center of the city is the Meiliang the best attraction of the Tai Lake scenery.7) One cannot help being intoxicated by white sails rolling and curving above the sparkling waters with dark and green hills around.8) Among the hills Tortoise Rocks named after its shape resembling a tortoise head overlook the vastness of the Tai Lake They are as GuoMoruo the Chinese great poet put it the best place to enjoy the Tai Lake scenery. 73学习英语
到中国来旅游观光的人很少不会注意到中国人学习英语的劲头。公园里有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起操练。马路上外国游客常常被学习英语的人围住交谈，从天气到政治，无所不谈。各种英语班如雨后春笋在到处出现。 参考译文（73）
1) Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learn English.2) In public parks there are special corners where English learners old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.3) Foreign visitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English abut anything from weather to politics.4) English
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classes are mushrooming across the land.
在谈话中，他涉及的是一些严肃的问题，诸如国有企业的改革，快速膨胀的政府机构，中国对亚洲邻邦承担的义务，决不使人民币贬值，整治环境和铲除腐败。自始至终，人们时而点头表示赞同，时而捧腹大笑。 参考译文（75）
1) In his talk he tackled serious subjects like the reform of state-owned enterprises and the growing bureaucracy China’s commitment to her Asian neighbors and determination not to devalue her currency the need to clean up the environment or root out corruption.2) All the while people alternately nodded in approval or held their sides with laughter. 76小鸡风波
退休煤矿工人张师傅今年年初买了四只小鸡。有一天发现丢了一只，气得一个劲地埋怨老伴。傍晚，有一只小鸡突然从门外进来，随后邻居王某跟进院来，抓起小鸡就走。张老太哪里肯放。双方争吵起来。原来王某年初也买了两只小鸡最近丢了一只。这时，另一个姓李的邻居过来了解情况。他将有争议的小鸡从两家中间撒出去。那只鸡不去王家，直向张家的鸡群跑去。张师傅叫了声“鸡鸡鸡”，他养的小鸡，连同有争议的那只，争先恐后地跑到他的脚下。王某无话可说，当场认错，一场小鸡风波平息了。 参考译文（76）
1) Mr. Zhang a retired miner bought four chicks early this yeae.2) One day he found one of them missing.2) He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time.3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch the chick.4) Naturally Zhang’s wife wouldn’t let him go with the chick.5) and so a quarrel ensued.6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did.7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening.8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off.9) The chick went straight to join Zhang’s flock and kept returning whenever it was driven to Wang’s home.10) And at Zhang’s call ―Chick chick‖ all the chicks including the one in question recede in response to him.11) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.
77伟人
中国有过许多伟大的领导人。每个人似乎都是顺时应势而生。是毛主席结束了一个世纪来的外来压迫，创立了新中国，又是社会主义市场经济的总设计师邓小平领导中国走向成熟。今天，中国进入了百年来发展最快的历史时期。 参考译文（77）
1,2) China has had many great leaders each seemingly custom-made for the occasion.3) It took Chairman Mao to end a century of foreign oppression and create a new China It took Deng Xiaoping the architect of the socialist market economy to lead the nation in her transition to maturity.4) China now enters a period of its fastest economic growth in this century. 78中国妇女
1995年，联合国第四次世界妇女在中国北京召开。这使得中国妇女的状况受世界关注。新中国的成立宣告了中国妇女在政治、经济、社会和家庭生活等各方面均享有和男子的平等权利。今天的中国妇女已做到同工同酬。她们不再像以前一样要依靠她们的丈夫。女同志可以做过去只是男的可做的工作了。不少人甚至成为领导班干部。虽然中国妇女在平等方面取得了巨大的进步，但还末完全实现平等就业机会。妇女的地位和经济刑势紧张了，又总是第
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一个下岗。显然，在争取平等的斗争中，她们还有很长的路要走。 参考译文（78）
1,2) The Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995 has brought Chinese women into the world attention.3) The founding of new China in 1949 marks the beginning of the times when Chinese women can enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres in the political economic social and family life.4,5) Women in China now receive equal pay for equal work and cease to be dependent upon their husbands as they once were.6,7) Traditionally male professions are now open to wom-in many of them even rising to leadership positions.8) It is true that Chinese women have made enormous strides toward equality But the goals of equal opportunity of employment for women have not been fully realized.9,10,11) The status of women is closely linked to the economy: the last to be hired they are usually the first to be laid off when employment drops off.12) Obviously women still have a long way to go in their struggle for equality. 80徐霞客
徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论，从不把权威看作是真理的唯一基础。他发现人研究的地理记载中有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。他不仅善于观察，观察的精确、耐心、客观、而且对观察的结果锲而不舍地进行思考。 参考译文（80）
1) During his life time Xu Xiake visited 16 provinces leaving his footprints nearly everywhere across the land.2) He never blindly accepted the conclusions given by books nor did he treat authority as the sole basis for truth.3) As a result he found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors.4,5) In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the particular places he preferred to travel on foot instead of by cart or boat despite long distances and even ventured into mountainous areas and jungles which are rarely traveled by people and full of dangers.5,6) The payoff for his effort was his discovery of many fantastic landscapes which attracted him to return in different seasons and even different hours of the day to observe their kaleidoscopic spectacles.7) He was not only a good observer accurate patient and objective but also applied persistent thought to the observations he made. 81电脑技术
有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。 参考译文（81）
1) Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment.2) Another argument however holds that although some individuals will lose their jobs society as a whole will benefit economically through increases in productivity.3) Despite its effects on society one thing is certain: the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available. 82人才流失
在过去的二十年里，有将近50万的中国知识分子去了西方国家，特别是美国。据说上海在国外的音乐家足以组成一个世界一流的交响乐团。在科技界、医学界和体育界，同样存在
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相同的情况。中国知识分子移居国外是因为他们认为在国内不能充分发挥自己的才能。由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。这种情况相当糟糕。曾一度由于一批又一批的人才流向国外，我们的人才发生严重短缺。这种情况一直到九十年代初才有所改变。因为政府作出了努力从社会尊重和经济待遇上提高知识分子的地位。 参考译文（82）
1) The last twenty years has brought nearly half a million Chinese intellectuals into the Western world especially into the United States.2) It is said that Shanghai’s musicians abroad could form a world class symphony orchestra.3) A similar story has been told in science medicine and sports circles.4) Chinese intellectuals emigrate because they believe they cannot bring their talent into full play in the homeland.5) They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.6,7) The situation was so grim that once we suffered an acute shortage of talent as one batch of gifted people after another had gone abroad.8,9) It didn’t change much until the early 1990 when the efforts was made by the government to upgrade the status of the intellectuals both social and economic.
83经济发展的代价
今天的发展不能以牺牲将来为代价。应当看到中国过去二十年的经济迅速发展带来很大的代价。我们喝的水被污染了，我们呼吸的空气被污染了。森林越来越少了。这个代价还不 只是环境上的。代价还有社会风气的变坏。 参考译文（83）
1) Today’s progress should not come at tomorrow’s expense.2,3) It should be recognized that China’s remarkable economic growth in the last two decades has come with a huge cost: the water we drink and the air we breathe are polluted and the forest is diminishing.4) The cost is not only environmental it is also more serious in terms of the decline in public morals. 84香港
香港坐落在中国南端的一个弹丸小岛上。在日趋全球化的经济中，香港正起着一个非常重要的角色。由于香港的战略位置，面向国际的商业氛围，和优越的通讯条件，使她成为世界贸易的活动中心和亚太地区的神经中枢。香港已和世界上170个国家和地区的公司有商业往来。与亚洲其他国家和地区的贸易大幅度增长。香港的集装港口是世界上最繁忙的，而且还在进一步扩建。虽然香港开始成为世界金融中心还是最近二十年的事，但现在海外贷款已占到香港银行提供的总贷款的一半以上。当这颗东方明珠重新回到中国的堂上时，中国人民眼中的香港未来比过去任何时候都更加光明灿烂。 参考译文（84）
1,2) Hong Kong a tiny island perched on the tip of Southern China plays a pivotal role in an increasingly globalized economy.3) Given its strategic location internationally oriented business culture and excellent communications it has become a crossroad of world trade and the nerve center of the Asia—Pacific region.4) Commercial links reach out to corporations in over 170 countries and regions.5) Its trade with the rest of Asia has increased substantially.6) Its container port is now the busiest and is undergoing further expansion.7) Although Hong Kong’s emergence as a world financial center came in recent 20 years offshore loans account for more than half of the total loan provided by its banks.8) As the ―Pearl of the Orient‖ returns once again to China’s palm its people see her future as brighter than ever. 85全球问题
当我们从全球的角度来看环境问题时，首先注意的是环境问题引起人们的各种担心。发达国家担心的是大气和水的污染，能源的紧张，城市对农村面积的不断蚕食。发展中国家最
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担心的是营养不良，人口增长，水源不足，缺少教育和就业机会。 参考译文（85）
1) When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2, 3) Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs. 86成功的诀窍
当然，在成功和失败中，运气占了很大的成分。但我认为成功是没有什么决窍的。有一点我发现和我生意上的成功有很大关系，这就是我来到美国之前所接受的价值观。这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处。孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。但是我尊重孔子的思想，并不是要把他的思想搬到现代社会。因为出除了适度外还有一些东西对成功是至关重要的，这就是耐心，应变，果断，信心，创新思维，社会责任，最后还有运气。重要的是，这些因素相辅相成，不可缺一。虽然它们有的是有矛盾的，如耐心和果断经常矛盾，但很难想像我的任何决定中可以离开得了它们其中一个。 参考译文（86）
1) Of course there is a strong element of luck in both success and failure but it is my belief that there are no ―secrets‖ to success.2) One thing I have discovered is that attitudes and values that I acquired in China long before came to the United States have had a great bearing on the success in my business.3) These values have much in common with some of the virtues of Confucianism the Chinese philosophy that stresses moderation.4) However although I respect the spirit of Confucianism I have not tried to adapt this ancient Chinese philosophy to modern society.5) For besides moderation other things I have found to be essential to success are patience adaptability decisiveness confidence unconventional thinking social responsibility and last luck.6) The importance of these attributes is in their interaction.7) Some of them are antithetical to others—patience will often collide with decisiveness for instance—and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role. 87集体与个人
不管是在一个公司，还是在一个政府里，重大的决定总是个人作出的，而不是集体。我们需要集体的讨论，因为可以交流看法和经验。但是集体讨论不能代替个人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一个重大的决定，集体总是不能对迅速变化的事件作出同样迅速的反应。 参考译文（87）
1) An important decision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves a company or a government.2) We need committees because that’s where people could share their opinions and experiences.3) But they could not replace individuals.4) The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision can’t always move as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.
88中美研究中心
九月，一个美国代表团来华参加中美研究中心的破土动工仪式。尽管那天台风大作，暴挥锹破土。中心将在三年后开学。由中方和美方各出一人负责中心日常行政管理。由十余位中国和美国教师开设硕士水平的各种课程。美国学生由中国教师负责教学，主要研究中国问题。用汉语上课。平时与中国学生同住，用汉语交谈。而中国学生在美国教师指导下，用英语研究美国问题。至少有一门中美学生必修的基础课，由中美教师共同执教。除正课外，还特邀政府或从业人员来开讲座，并组织学生出去，对他们研究有关的单位进行考察。
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