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smallhours.她的母亲劝她早点睡，但她仍坚持工作到凌晨。Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身，他仍坚持饮酒。insist用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持做某件事（尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事）”，后接介词on。SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.当我想泡个澡时，她还在那洗头。3insist还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。insist用于此意时，后可接介词on，也可以接that引导的从句（是否用虚拟语气，视情况而定，即看从句内容是否为事实），而persist无此意。Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.医生坚持让她服此药，但她坚持自己没病。7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)Meaning:Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthehumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.Note:Studentshavelearnedthewordslidebeforebutitmightbeworthwhiletohaveareviewofthewordusedaseitheranounoraverb:n.[usu.sing.]asituationinwhichsth.graduallygetsworseorsb.developsaproblem.（情况）变糟，恶化；（人）出现问题Schooladministratorswereunabletoexplaintheslideinstudents’performance.学校管理人员无法解释学生成绩下降的原因。v.graduallybecomeworse,orbegintohaveaproblem逐渐败坏；开始出现问题Students’testscoresstartedtoslideinthemid-1990s.20世纪90年代中期，学生的考分开始下降。8Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Basedonthefactthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumberofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrendwillsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.9Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)Meaning:Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivialrolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.Meaningbeyondwords:Librarieswereoncetheonlyplacewherestudentsspentmuchtimereadingmaterials,doingresearchandwritingpapers.However,asmorestudentsaretakingsciencecourses,labswherestudentsdoscientificexperimentsplayamoreimportantroleforlearningthantraditionallibraries.Note:A“collegetour”isaseriesofcampusvisitstoanumberofcollegesoruniversitiesbyaprospectivestudent.Collegetoursmaybetakenindividuallyorbyschoolgroupsandeducationalprogramsasawayforalargenumberofpeopletovisitseveralschoolsoverashortperiodoftime.Inaddition,manycollegesnowoffervirtualtoursontheInternet.Usagenote:compel,oblige,force这三个词都有“强迫”之意，但程度不同。1compel表示“强迫；迫使”，指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”，尤其在被动语态中含“别无他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意义比force弱。Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。Icompelledhimtogiveuptheplan.我强迫他放弃此计划。Hisclevernessandtalentscompelouradmiration.他精明能干，令我们不得不肃然起敬。2oblige表示“强制；不得不”，指“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事”，多用被动语态，语气相对较弱。Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。Fallingprofitsobligedthemtoclosethefactory.利润下降迫使他们关闭这家工厂。Hisillhealthobligedhimtoretireearly.健康情况不佳,使他不得不提前退休。3force表示“强迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威胁、武力强迫对方做某事”，后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事，force的语气比compel和oblige强。Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。10Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)Meaning:Ihereaskforyourpermissiontoletmedefendandadvertisethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.11Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemysteryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.(Para.4))Meaning:Eversinceancienttimes,peoplehavethoughtcarefullyandseriouslywhythemysteriousforcescomingfromtheirinnerworldcouldbesopowerfulthatitcouldmakesomepeoplegreatwhileothersmorallydeteriorate.12Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.(Para.4)Meaning:Overthepastcenturies,manydifferentnameshavebeenusedtodescribethisinnerforceofhumanbeings.13Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calleditthe“unconsciousmind”or,morefamiliarly,“instinct”.(Para.4)Meaning:SigmundFreud,afamouspsychologist,namedittheunintentionalmindor,morefamiliartous,naturalabilitytoknowsomething.14Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructiveordestructive,hascapturedourimagination.(Para.5)Meaning:Sinceancienttimes,itisthisveryinnerforceofourbeing,eitherconstructiveordestructive,thathasstimulatedourimagination.15Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisthesestoriesaboutthisfascinatinginnerstruggleofhumanbeingsthathavelaidthefoundationoftheworldcultures.16Historians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.(Para.5)Meaning:Ourhistorians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavesuccessfullycaughtthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthismysteriousinnerforcebywayofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.17Thesemenandwomendevelopedartistic“languages”thathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationsandalsoeducategenerations.(Para.5)Meaning:Theartisticworksandmasterpiecescreatedbythesemenandwomenhelpusunderstandthestrongdesiresandbeautifuldreamsofhumanbeingsandalsohelpeducatefuturegenerations.Meaningbeyondwords:“Language”isinthequotationmarksbecausetheworddoesn’tjustrefertotheregularmeaningbuttoallthethingsmentionedearlier:story,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.18Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofstudyofthehumanities.(Para.5)Meaning:Thelargeamountofworkfilledwithrichideasandimaginationfromancienttimes—thefundamentalcomponentsofcivilization–providesthebasisofthestudyofthehumanities.19Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomatterwhatwedoinlife,wewillhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearandelegantanalysisofthoseideas!(Para.6)Meaning:Studyingthehumanitieshelpsusimproveourreadingandwritingability.Inwhateversituation,itisagreatadvantageifweunderstandcomplexideasthroughreading.Toillustrate,ifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteandanalyzethosecomplexideasinalogical,clear,intelligentyetsimplemanner,wewillhaveapromisingcareer.Sentencestructurenote:nomatter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管…，无论…”，在使用时应注意以下几点：1注意从句的时态由nomatter引导的从句多用一般现在时。例如：Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。Ouraimistorecruitthebestpersonforthejob,nomatterwheretheyarefrom.我们的目标是招聘到该工作的最佳人选，不管他们来自哪里。2注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置,nomatterwhat/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；nomatterhow修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。例如：Nomatterwhichmethodyouuse,youwillgetthesameresult.不管你用哪种方法做，结果都一样。Nomatterhowhardheworks,hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.无论他工作多么努力，他总是入不敷出。20Studyingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.(Para.7)Meaning:Wegetmorefamiliarwiththeexpressionsofemotionandtheprocessofcreationbystudyingthehumanities.21Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.(Para.7)