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Meaning:Inaneconomydrivenbyinformation,manypeoplearecapableofproducingausefulcommoditylikeanewMP3player.22Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theiPod.(Para.7)Meaning:ButveryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateanextremelyimpressiveproductnamesuchastheiPod.23Mostimportantly,studyingthehumanitiesinvestsuswithgreatinsightandself-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.(Para.7)Meaning:Themostimportantadvantageforustostudythehumanitiesisthatitenablesustobecomemoreanalyticalandself-aware;therefore,ourcreativenessandtalentarebroughtoutinapositiveandconstructiveway.24Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesisthescopeofpossibilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.(Para.8)Meaning:Themostvalidargumenttosupportthehumanitiesisperhapstheycanprovideuswithawiderangeofopportunities.thescopeof:therangeof范围TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.学生会已承诺要扩大活动范围。25DidyouknowthatJamesCameron,world-famousdirectorofthemovie,Titanic,graduatedwithadegreeinthehumanities?SodidSallyRide,thefirstwomaninspace.SodidactorsBruceLee,GwynethPaltrow,ReneeZellwegerandMattDamon.Dr.HaroldVarmus,whowonaNobelPrizeforMedicine,studiedthehumanities.EvenMichaelEisner,ChairmanoftheDisneyCompany,majoredinthehumanities.(Para.8)Meaningbeyondwords:Allthesefamouspeopleshouldattributetheirsuccesstotheirpreviousstudyofthehumanities,whichinvestedthemwithgreatinsightandself-awareness.Usagenote:sodidI,soIdid1“so+系动词（助动词或情态动词）+主语”结构为倒装语序，表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句的人或物，此结构中前后句的主语为不同的人或物。Thegirlissmartandclever;soisherbrother.那个女孩聪明伶俐，她的兄弟同样也聪明睿智。Jameslikesplayingbasketball.SodoeshissonTom.詹姆斯喜欢打篮球，他的儿子汤姆也喜欢打篮球。Theywenttothezooyesterday,andsodidwe.他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。2“so+主语+系动词（助动词或情态动词）”结构为正常语序，就前面提到的肯定事实予以确认，表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中，前后句主语相同。此处so相当于indeed/certainly。Thegirlsaysherbrotherworkshard,andsohedoes.那个女孩说她的兄弟很努力，他确实是很努力。JamesCamerondirectedthemovie,Titanic,andsohedid.詹姆斯﹒卡梅隆执导了电影《泰坦尼克号》，他是执导了。(JamesCameron和he为同一人。)26Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealonglistindeed.It’seasytoseethatthehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.(Para.8)Meaning:Itistruethatfamouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiescanmakeupalonglist.Obviously,thehumanitiesenableustoengageinmanydifferentcareersandjobs,nomatterwhethertheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.Note:“Whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment”isanellipticalclause.Itcanbeunderstoodas“Whethertheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment”.Inanellipticalclausesomewordsareleftout.Becauseit’swithinacontext,itisusuallyclearwhatismissing.Asarule,ellipticalsentencesconsistoftwoclauses,onecontainingthegrammarelementstheotherhasleftout.Forexample:1)JessicahadfivedollarswhileMonica(had)one.杰西卡有五美元，而莫妮卡只有一美元。(Theverbhadisdroppedfromthesecondclause,butthemeaningisstillclear.)2)Leavequicklywhen(youare)ready.准备好就赶紧离开吧。(Inthesentence,youareisunderstoodthoughomitted.)3)Although(sheis)knownforherbeauty,Corneliahasabadtemper.科妮莉亚虽然以美貌著称，不过她脾气很差。(Evenomittingsheis,thesentenceworksfine—moreconciseandemphatic.)27Ifwestudyonlymathematics,it’slikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwestudyonlymathematics,verypossiblywewillbeapersonwhoonlycompetesforjobsasamathematician.Meaningbeyondwords:Wecanbemorecompetitiveifwestudythehumanities,togetherwithmathematics.28Ifweincludestudyingthehumanities,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortandimagination.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwealsostudythehumanities,wecansuccessfullyremovemanyobstaclesonourwayandstilldevelopourpotentialunlesswedon’ttryenoughandlackimagination.29Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,weareliabletomissmanyopportunities.(Para.9)Meaning:Itisforsurethatnowadaysifwestudythehumanitiesalone,wearelikelytomissmanychancesoropportunities.30Eachoneofusneedstobecomeastechnicallyandprofessionallyskilledaspossibletohelpmeettheneedsofmodernlife.(Para.9)Meaning:Tosatisfytheneedsofmodernlife,allofusneedtotryourbesttobecometechnicallyandprofessionallyskillful.31Infact,increasinglyapairingoftechnicalknowledgeandinnerinsightisseenastheidealintheestablishmentofacareer.(Para.9)Meaning:Infact,acombinationoftechnicalknowledgeandinnerinsightisincreasinglylookeduponastheidealmodeforstartingacareer.32IfIweretheDeanofAdmissionsatamedicalschoolandtwopeopleappliedtoourschool,bothhavingtherequiredbasicscientificcourses,oneaphilosophymajorandtheothersolelyapre-medstudent,thephilosophyapplicantwouldbechosen.(Para.9)Meaning:SupposeIamtheDeanofAdmissionsatamedicalschoolandI’mrecruitingtwoapplicants.Bothofthemtooktherequiredbasicscientificcourses,butoneisaphilosophymajorandtheotherjustpremed.Iwouldsurelychoosetheonewiththephilosophybackground.Note:InAmericanculture,the“dean”isusuallytheheadofa“division”or“college”withinthelargerunitoftheuniversity.pre-med:a.(AmE)relatingtoclassesthatprepareastudentformedicalschool,ortothestudentswhoaretakingtheseclasses医学院预科的；针对医学院预科生的Mysisterwantstobecomeadoctor,andsheisnowapre-medstudent.我妹妹想成为一名医生，她现在是医学院的预科生。33Insummary,thehumanitieshelptocreatewell-roundedhumanbeingswithinsightandunderstandingofthepassions,hopesanddreamscommontoallhumanity.(Para.10)Meaning:Tosummarize,withthehelpofthehumanities,wecancreateall-roundedpeoplewhoareinsightfulandwellunderstandthepassions,hopesanddreamscommontoallhumanity.well-roundedhumanbeings:humanbeingswitharangeofinterestsandskillsandavarietyofexperience全面发展的人34Thehumanities,theancienttimelessreservoirofknowledge,teachustoseethingsdifferentlyandbroadenourhorizons.Theyareasusefulandrelevantinourmodernageastheyhavealwaysbeen.(Para.10)Meaning:Thehumanities,theancienttimelessresourceofknowledge,teachustoseethingsfromdifferentperspectivesandtoexpandourhorizons,whichisusefulandrelatedtoourmodernlife,justasithasalwaysbeen.Note:Humanitiesisconsideredasapluralnounwhenitreferstodifferentsubjectssuchashistory,philosophy,orEnglish,butinmoderntendency,itcanbeconsideredasgrammaticallysingularwhenitreferstoanacademicdisciplineorfield.35Doesn’titmakesensetospendsometimeinthecompanyofthehumanities,ouroutstandingandremarkabletreasureofknowledge?(Para.10)Meaning:Isn’titreasonabletospendsometimewiththehumanities,ourextremelygoodandmarveloustreasureofknowledge?Meaningbeyondwords:It’sbeneficialtostudythehumanities.Note:Thisisarhetoricalquestion(反问句),therebyrequiringnoansweratall.Inotherwords,arhetoricalquestionisonewhichisaskedinordertomakeastatementratherthangetananswer.Forexample:Don’tyouknowyouaremistakenagain?你难道不知道你又错了吗？Whydon’tyouletyourbrotherspeakratherthaninterrupteachtimehetriestotalk?为什么你不能让你哥哥说话，而是每次他试图说话时就打断他呢？36WhoknowshowfamousYOUmightbecome!(Para.10)Meaning:Noonecantellhowfamousyouwillbe!Meaningbeyondwords:Youmayalsobecomefamousinthefutureifyoustudythehumanities.