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--------呵护孩子的成长，把爱的能量传递下去 draw drink drive eat fall feel drew drank drove ate fell felt drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt set shall shine show shut sing set should shone showed shut sang set shone shown shut sung find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgot/forgotten freeze froze frozen get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung/hanged hung/hanged have(has) had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid learn learnt/learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken sit set set sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spill spilt spilt spoil spoilt spoilt stand stood stood sweep swept swept swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke/waked woken/waked wear wore worn will would win won won 36

--------呵护孩子的成长，把爱的能量传递下去 let lie let lay let lain write wrote witten 3、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

一 般 现 在 时 I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are…. 一 般 将 来 时 (I等各人称) will be…. I am 现 在 完 成 时 I have been…. You have been…. He/She/It is going to She/he/It has been…. be… We/You/They are We/You/They have been…. 一 般 过 去 时 I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. 过 去 将 来 时 (I等各人称) would be…. I was 过 去 完 成 时 I had been…. You had been…. He/She/It was going to She/he/It had been…. We/You/They had been…. We/You/They were…. be… We/You/They were 注意：句型变化时,

否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not

不可以缩写)；

疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：

现在 一 般 现 在 时 现 在 进 行 时 时态 动词用原形(单三am 谓语动加s / es) 词构成 (问句和否定句借are is +动词-ing am will + 动词原形 一 般 将 来 时 现 在 完 成 时 have +过去分词 is +going to+动词原has 37

--------呵护孩子的成长，把爱的能量传递下去 用助词do / does) 形 are 过去 一 般 过 去 时 过 去 进 行 时 时态 动词用过去式 谓语动用助词did) 词构成 were 形 were -ing +going to+动词原was would + 动词原形 过 去 将 来 时 过 去 完 成 时 had +过去分词 (问句和否定句借 +动词was 5、八种时态的具体用法：

(1) 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。

① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week

等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)

② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the

sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)

③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有

将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引

导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)

⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了)

/ There goes the bell.(铃响了)。

⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike,

want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)

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--------呵护孩子的成长，把爱的能量传递下去 (2) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常

发生。

① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when

引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)

② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：

He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)

③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually,

sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.

④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I

happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)

(3) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。

①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,

someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。

② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”

用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)

③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are

to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some

chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)

⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。

如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)

⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.

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--------呵护孩子的成长，把爱的能量传递下去

(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。

① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。

② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你

在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)

③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m

coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：

He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)

(5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。

① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 ② 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago,

以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)

③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状

语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)

④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨

厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)

(6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现

在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)

③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990,

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