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--------ºÇ»¤º¢×ӵijɳ¤£¬°Ñ°®µÄÄÜÁ¿´«µÝÏÂÈ¥ since (two weeks ago)ºÍsinceÒýµ¼µÄ×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£È磺I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(ÎÒÀ뿪¼ÒÏçÓÐ30ÄêÁË)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(×Ô´ÓÕâ¼Ò¹¤³§¿ªÕÅ,ÍõÊåÊåÒ»Ö±ÔÚÄǶù¹¤×÷)

¢Ü¿ÚÓïÖÐhave gotÍùÍù±íʾhave(ÓÐ)µÄÒâ˼¡£È磺They have got thousands of books in their library.(ËûÃÇͼÊé¹ÝÓÐÉÏÍò±¾Êé)

¢Ýhave been toÓëhave gone toµÄÇø±ð£ºhave gone to(¡°ÒѾ­È¥ÁË¡±)±íʾÈ˲»ÔÚÕâÀï,have been to(¡°È¥¹ý¡±)±íʾÈËÔÚÕâÀï¡£È磺--Where is Mr Li? ¨CHe has gone to the UK.(ÀîÏÈÉúÔÚÄÄÀËûÈ¥ÁËÓ¢¹ú¡£)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? ¨CYes,I have been to Beijing three times. (ÄãÖªµÀ±±¾©µÄÇé¿öÂð£¿ÊǵÄ,ÎÒÈ¥¹ýÄÇÀïÈý´Î¡£)

¢ÞÔÚÍê³ÉʱÖÐ,Ò»¸ö˲¼äÐÔ¶¯´Ê(Ò»´ÎÐÔ¶¯×÷)²»ÄÜÓë±íʾһ¶Îʱ¼äµÄ×´ÓïÁ¬ÓÃ,´ËʱÐ뽫¸Ã˲¼ä¶¯´Ê¸ÄΪÑÓÐøÐÔ¶¯´Ê»ò״̬¶¯´Ê¡£¾ßÌå±ä»¯¼ûÏÂ±í£º

˲¼äÐÔ¶¯´ÊµÄÍê³Éʱ have has (had) (already) gone to¡­ have has (had) ÑÓÐøÐÔ¶¯´Ê»ò״̬¶¯´ÊµÄÍê³Éʱ been in / at ¡­ been here for (two years) since (1990) come to¡­ left¡­ arrived¡­ died begun ended bought... borrowed¡­ joined¡­ been away from¡­ been in¡­ been dead been on been over had¡­ kept¡­ been in ¡­ ¡ú »òÕßʹÓÃÏÂÃæÕâ¸ö¾äÐÍ£º

It is / has been + (¶à¾Ã)+ since + Ö÷Óï(ÈË)+νÓï(¹ýȥʱ)+¡­¡­+¹ýȥʱ¼ä×´Óï [×¢Òâ] ÔÚÆäËüµÄʱ̬ÖÐÒ²´æÔÚÀàËÆÎÊÌâ,¼Çס,¹Ø¼üÊÇ£ºË²¼ä¶¯´Ê²»Äܺͱí´ïÒ»¶Îʱ¼äµÄ×´ÓïÁ¬Óá£È磺How long may I keep the book?(Õâ±¾ÊéÎÒÄܽè¶à¾Ã£¿)(¾ä×ÓÖÐkeepÈ¡´úÁËborrow)

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¢Ú¹ýÈ¥Íê³Éʱʱ¼ä×´ÓïÓУºby (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last¡­)»òÕßÓÉwhen,beforeµÈÒý³ö×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£ÓÐʱ¾ä×ÓÖлáÓÐalready, just, once, ever, neverµÈ´ÊÓï,Ò²»áÓÐfor¡­ »òsince¡­¹¹³ÉµÄʱ¼ä×´Óï¡£È磺They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(µ±ÀÏʦÀ´µÄʱºòËûÃÇÒѾ­´òɨÍêÁ˽ÌÊÒ)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(ÔÚËû·¢¾õÄǸö¸¾Å®ÊǸöÆ­×ÓʱËýÒѾ­×ßµôÁË)

¢Û¹ýÈ¥Íê³Éʱ³£ÓÃÓÚ±öÓï´Ó¾äÖС¢afterÒýµ¼µÄ´Ó¾äÖÐ,»òÕß´Ó¾äÊÇbeforeÒýµ¼µÄÖ÷¾äÖС£È磺After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(ÎÒ´©ÉÏЬ×Ó´÷ÉÏñ×Ó×ß½øÁ˺ڰµÖ®ÖÐ)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(Ëû˵ËûÒÔǰ´ÓÀ´Ã»Óмû¹ý´üÊó)

(8) ¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê± ¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê±±íʾÔÚ¹ýÈ¥Ô¤¼Æ½«Òª·¢ÉúµÄ¶¯×÷»ò´æÔÚµÄ״̬¡£

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¢Ú¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê±³£ÓÉÓÚ±öÓï´Ó¾äÖÐ,ʱ¼ä×´ÓïÓУºlater, soon, the next (day).

¢ÛÔÚʱ¼ä×´Óï´Ó¾äºÍÌõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾äÖв»¿ÉÒÔʹÓùýÈ¥½«À´Ê±,¶øÓ¦¸ÃʹÓÃÒ»°ã¹ýȥʱ¡£È磺He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(Ëû´ðÓ¦¸¶¸øÎÒÐí¶àÇ®Èç¹ûÎÒ°ïÖúËû¸ãÄǸöÏîÄ¿)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(ÿ´ÎÖ»ÒªËûÓпÕËû¾Í»á×øÏÂÀ´¿´¿´Êé) ¢Ü±íʾ´¿´âµÄ½«À´Ê±ÓÃwould»òshould,±íʾ´òËã»òÖ÷¹ÛÈÏΪµÄÊÂÇéÓÃwas/were going to (+¶¯´ÊÔ­ÐÎ)¡£È磺She told me she would be 18 the next month.(Ëý¸æËßÎÒËýϸöÔ¾Í18ËêÁË)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(Ëý¸æËßÎÒËý´òËã´øËýµÄ³èÎﹷȥɢ²½)

¢Ý¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê±»¹¿ÉÒÔ±íʾһ¸ö¹ýÈ¥¾­³£ÐԵ͝×÷¡£È磺When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(°×ÌìÏÂÓêʱËû»áËæÉí´øÒ»°ÑÓêÉ¡)

(9)ÏÖÔÚÍê³É½øÐÐʱ£ºÏÖÔÚÍê³É½øÐÐʱָһ¸ö´Ó¹ýÈ¥¾Í¿ªÊ¼Ò»Ö±ÑÓÐøµ½ÏÖÔÚ²¢ÓÉ¿ÉÄܼÌÐøÏÂÈ¥µÄ¶¯×÷,Ëü¾ßÓÐÏÖÔÚÍê

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¢Ú²»Ëµ»òÕßÖÚËùÖÜÖªÊÇË­×öʱ,Óñ»¶¯Óï̬,Ê¡ÂÔby¶ÌÓï¡£È磺Rice is also grown in this place.(Õâ¸öµØ·½Ò²ÖÖË®µ¾)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(ÈýÄêÖ®ºóÕâÀォҪÐÞ½¨Ò»ÌõÌú·)

¢ÛÇ¿µ÷¶¯×÷µÄ³ÐÊÜÕß,¾äβ¼Óby¶ÌÓï¡£È磺It was written by Lu Xun.(Ëü(Êé)ÊdzѸдµÄ)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(³èÎï¹·ÊDz»»á±»Ö÷ÈËÔ×ɱµÄ) (2) Ö÷¶¯Óï̬ÈçºÎ¸ÄдΪ±»¶¯Óï̬£º

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Ò»±¾×Öµä)

Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÖ±½Ó±öÓï×ö±»¶¯¾äµÄÖ÷Óï,µ«ÊÇÐèÓÃto»òÕßforÒý³öÔ­¾äµÄ¼ä½Ó±öÓï¡£È磺His teacher gave him a dictionary.¡úA dictionary was given £®to him by his teacher.(ÀÏʦ¸øËûÒ»±¾×Öµä¡úÒ»±¾×ÖµäÓÉÀÏʦË͸øÁËËû)/His £®father made him a kite.¡úA kite was made for him by his father.(ËûµÄ¸¸Ç׸øËû×öÁËÒ»¸ö·çóÝ¡úÒ»¸ö·çóÝÓÉËûµÄ£®£®£®¸¸Ç××ö¸øÁËËû)

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¡úThe poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(ÀϰåÈÃÕâ¸ö¿ÉÁ¯µÄÈËÒ»Ì칤×÷12Сʱ¡úÕâ¸ö¿ÉÁ¯È˱»ÆÈÒ»£®£®

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He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / ¡­¡­.(±»¶¯)(Ëû±»»÷ÖÐ/ײµ¹/¹ØÕÕ/ÉäÖС­¡­)

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