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--------ºÇ»¤º¢×ӵijɳ¤£¬°Ñ°®µÄÄÜÁ¿´«µÝÏÂÈ¥ since (two weeks ago)ºÍsinceÒýµ¼µÄ×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£È磺I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(ÎÒÀ뿪¼ÒÏçÓÐ30ÄêÁË)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(×Ô´ÓÕâ¼Ò¹¤³§¿ªÕÅ,ÍõÊåÊåÒ»Ö±ÔÚÄǶù¹¤×÷)
¢Ü¿ÚÓïÖÐhave gotÍùÍù±íʾhave(ÓÐ)µÄÒâ˼¡£È磺They have got thousands of books in their library.(ËûÃÇͼÊé¹ÝÓÐÉÏÍò±¾Êé)
¢Ýhave been toÓëhave gone toµÄÇø±ð£ºhave gone to(¡°ÒѾȥÁË¡±)±íʾÈ˲»ÔÚÕâÀï,have been to(¡°È¥¹ý¡±)±íʾÈËÔÚÕâÀï¡£È磺--Where is Mr Li? ¨CHe has gone to the UK.(ÀîÏÈÉúÔÚÄÄÀËûÈ¥ÁËÓ¢¹ú¡£)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? ¨CYes,I have been to Beijing three times. (ÄãÖªµÀ±±¾©µÄÇé¿öÂð£¿ÊǵÄ,ÎÒÈ¥¹ýÄÇÀïÈý´Î¡£)
¢ÞÔÚÍê³ÉʱÖÐ,Ò»¸ö˲¼äÐÔ¶¯´Ê(Ò»´ÎÐÔ¶¯×÷)²»ÄÜÓë±íʾһ¶Îʱ¼äµÄ×´ÓïÁ¬ÓÃ,´ËʱÐ뽫¸Ã˲¼ä¶¯´Ê¸ÄΪÑÓÐøÐÔ¶¯´Ê»ò״̬¶¯´Ê¡£¾ßÌå±ä»¯¼ûÏÂ±í£º
˲¼äÐÔ¶¯´ÊµÄÍê³Éʱ have has (had) (already) gone to¡ have has (had) ÑÓÐøÐÔ¶¯´Ê»ò״̬¶¯´ÊµÄÍê³Éʱ been in / at ¡ been here for (two years) since (1990) come to¡ left¡ arrived¡ died begun ended bought... borrowed¡ joined¡ been away from¡ been in¡ been dead been on been over had¡ kept¡ been in ¡ ¡ú »òÕßʹÓÃÏÂÃæÕâ¸ö¾äÐÍ£º
It is / has been + (¶à¾Ã)+ since + Ö÷Óï(ÈË)+νÓï(¹ýȥʱ)+¡¡+¹ýȥʱ¼ä×´Óï [×¢Òâ] ÔÚÆäËüµÄʱ̬ÖÐÒ²´æÔÚÀàËÆÎÊÌâ,¼Çס,¹Ø¼üÊÇ£ºË²¼ä¶¯´Ê²»Äܺͱí´ïÒ»¶Îʱ¼äµÄ×´ÓïÁ¬Óá£È磺How long may I keep the book?(Õâ±¾ÊéÎÒÄܽè¶à¾Ã£¿)(¾ä×ÓÖÐkeepÈ¡´úÁËborrow)
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¢Ú¹ýÈ¥Íê³Éʱʱ¼ä×´ÓïÓУºby (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last¡)»òÕßÓÉwhen,beforeµÈÒý³ö×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£ÓÐʱ¾ä×ÓÖлáÓÐalready, just, once, ever, neverµÈ´ÊÓï,Ò²»áÓÐfor¡ »òsince¡¹¹³ÉµÄʱ¼ä×´Óï¡£È磺They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(µ±ÀÏʦÀ´µÄʱºòËûÃÇÒѾ´òɨÍêÁ˽ÌÊÒ)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(ÔÚËû·¢¾õÄǸö¸¾Å®ÊǸöÆ×ÓʱËýÒѾ×ßµôÁË)
¢Û¹ýÈ¥Íê³Éʱ³£ÓÃÓÚ±öÓï´Ó¾äÖС¢afterÒýµ¼µÄ´Ó¾äÖÐ,»òÕß´Ó¾äÊÇbeforeÒýµ¼µÄÖ÷¾äÖС£È磺After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(ÎÒ´©ÉÏЬ×Ó´÷ÉÏñ×Ó×ß½øÁ˺ڰµÖ®ÖÐ)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(Ëû˵ËûÒÔǰ´ÓÀ´Ã»Óмû¹ý´üÊó)
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¢Ú¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê±³£ÓÉÓÚ±öÓï´Ó¾äÖÐ,ʱ¼ä×´ÓïÓУºlater, soon, the next (day).
¢ÛÔÚʱ¼ä×´Óï´Ó¾äºÍÌõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾äÖв»¿ÉÒÔʹÓùýÈ¥½«À´Ê±,¶øÓ¦¸ÃʹÓÃÒ»°ã¹ýȥʱ¡£È磺He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(Ëû´ðÓ¦¸¶¸øÎÒÐí¶àÇ®Èç¹ûÎÒ°ïÖúËû¸ãÄǸöÏîÄ¿)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(ÿ´ÎÖ»ÒªËûÓпÕËû¾Í»á×øÏÂÀ´¿´¿´Êé) ¢Ü±íʾ´¿´âµÄ½«À´Ê±ÓÃwould»òshould,±íʾ´òËã»òÖ÷¹ÛÈÏΪµÄÊÂÇéÓÃwas/were going to (+¶¯´ÊÔÐÎ)¡£È磺She told me she would be 18 the next month.(Ëý¸æËßÎÒËýϸöÔ¾Í18ËêÁË)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(Ëý¸æËßÎÒËý´òËã´øËýµÄ³èÎﹷȥɢ²½)
¢Ý¹ýÈ¥½«À´Ê±»¹¿ÉÒÔ±íʾһ¸ö¹ýÈ¥¾³£ÐԵ͝×÷¡£È磺When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(°×ÌìÏÂÓêʱËû»áËæÉí´øÒ»°ÑÓêÉ¡)
(9)ÏÖÔÚÍê³É½øÐÐʱ£ºÏÖÔÚÍê³É½øÐÐʱָһ¸ö´Ó¹ýÈ¥¾Í¿ªÊ¼Ò»Ö±ÑÓÐøµ½ÏÖÔÚ²¢ÓÉ¿ÉÄܼÌÐøÏÂÈ¥µÄ¶¯×÷,Ëü¾ßÓÐÏÖÔÚÍê
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¢Ù ²»ÖªµÀËÊǶ¯×÷µÄÖ´ÐÐÕß(¼´²»ÖªµÀË×ö)ʱÓñ»¶¯Óï̬,Ê¡ÂÔby¶ÌÓï¡£È磺A man was killed in the accident.(Ò»¸öÈËËÀÓÚʹÊ)/ This window was broken yesterday.(ÕâÉÈ´°×ÓÊÇ×òÌì±»´òÆÆµÄ)
¢Ú²»Ëµ»òÕßÖÚËùÖÜÖªÊÇË×öʱ,Óñ»¶¯Óï̬,Ê¡ÂÔby¶ÌÓï¡£È磺Rice is also grown in this place.(Õâ¸öµØ·½Ò²ÖÖË®µ¾)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(ÈýÄêÖ®ºóÕâÀォҪÐÞ½¨Ò»ÌõÌú·)
¢ÛÇ¿µ÷¶¯×÷µÄ³ÐÊÜÕß,¾äβ¼Óby¶ÌÓï¡£È磺It was written by Lu Xun.(Ëü(Êé)ÊdzѸдµÄ)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(³èÎï¹·ÊDz»»á±»Ö÷ÈËÔ×ɱµÄ) (2) Ö÷¶¯Óï̬ÈçºÎ¸ÄдΪ±»¶¯Óï̬£º
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Ò»±¾×Öµä)
Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÖ±½Ó±öÓï×ö±»¶¯¾äµÄÖ÷Óï,µ«ÊÇÐèÓÃto»òÕßforÒý³öÔ¾äµÄ¼ä½Ó±öÓï¡£È磺His teacher gave him a dictionary.¡úA dictionary was given £®to him by his teacher.(ÀÏʦ¸øËûÒ»±¾×Öµä¡úÒ»±¾×ÖµäÓÉÀÏʦË͸øÁËËû)/His £®father made him a kite.¡úA kite was made for him by his father.(ËûµÄ¸¸Ç׸øËû×öÁËÒ»¸ö·çóÝ¡úÒ»¸ö·çóÝÓÉËûµÄ£®£®£®¸¸Ç××ö¸øÁËËû)
¢Ú¡°¶¯´Ê+±öÓï+¶¯´ÊÔÐΡ±¸ÄΪ±»¶¯Ê±,¶¯´ÊÔÐÎǰҪ¼Óto.È磺The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.
¡úThe poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(ÀϰåÈÃÕâ¸ö¿ÉÁ¯µÄÈËÒ»Ì칤×÷12Сʱ¡úÕâ¸ö¿ÉÁ¯È˱»ÆÈÒ»£®£®
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He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / ¡¡.(±»¶¯)(Ëû±»»÷ÖÐ/ײµ¹/¹ØÕÕ/ÉäÖС¡)
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λÖÃÓá°it¡±×÷ÐÎʽÖ÷Óï(ÓÐʱÔÚ²»¶¨Ê½µÄÇ°Ãæ»¹»áÓÃfor sb.±íʾ²»¶¨Ê½µÄÂß¼Ö÷Óï)¡£È磺To help animals is helping people.(°ïÖú¶¯Îï¾ÍÊǰïÖúÈË)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃǶøÑÔ)ѧºÃººÓïÊǷdz£µÄÀ§ÄÑ)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(½â³öÕâµÀÌ⻨ÁËÎÒÒ»¸öСʱµÄʱ¼ä) ¢Ü ¶¯´Ê²»¶¨Ê½¿ÉÒÔ×÷νÓﶯ´Ê(¼°Îﶯ´Ê)µÄ±öÓï¡£
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