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有机化学课后习题答案
CH3CH3CBrCH3HBr>CH3CH3CHCHCH3BrHBr>CH3CH3CHCH2CH2BrHBr (CH3)2C=CH2 (2)E1:
(CH3)2CHCH=CH2(CH3)2C=CHCH3
CH3CHBr>OCH3CH3CHBr>CH3CH3CHBr>CH3CHBrNO2CH=CH2CH=CH2CH=CH2CH=CH2
OCH3CH3NO2
8. 预测下列各对反应中,何者较快?并说明理由。 解:(1)SN2反应,β-分支多不利于进攻:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CN>CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CN
(2) SN1反应,叔正碳离子稳定性大于仲正碳离子: (CH3)3Br>(CH3)2CHBr
(3) -SH 的亲核能力大于-OH:NaSH > NaOH.
(4) Br -的离去能力大于Cl-:(CH3)2CHCH2Br > (CH3)2CHCH2Cl.
9.卤代烷与氢氧化钠在水和乙醇混合物中进行反应,指出那些属于SN1历程?那些属于SN2历程?
解:(2),(4),(5)属于SN1历程;(1),(3),(6),(7)属于SN2历程。 10.下列各步反应有无错误(孤立地看),如有的话,试指出错误的地方。
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有机化学课后习题答案
解: (1) (A)应如下式,(B)错,不反应:
CH3CH=CH2HOBr(A)CH3CHCH2BrOH
(2) (B)为消除反应,生成烯烃
NaCN(CH3)2C=CH2(CH3)3CCl+NaCN(B) (3) (A)正确,(B)错,正确为:
CH2BrNaOH,H2O(B)CH2OH
BrBr
(4) 正确为:
CH2CHCH2CH3KOH(C2H5OH)(A)BrCH=CHCH2CH3
ROOR11.合成下列化合物。
KOH/C2H5OH解:(1) CHCHCHCH3CH=CH233Br+HBrCH3CH2CH2Br
KOH/C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2PCl3(2)
CH3CHCH3ClB2H6(CH3CH2CH2)3BNaOH,H2O2CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2Cl
(3)
KOH/C2H5OHCH3CHCH3CH3CH=CH2Cl2KOH,C2H5OHCH3CCH2HClBr2CH3CHBrCH2BrClCCH3Cl
ClCH2CH=CH2CH3(4) CHCHCH3KOH,C2H5OHCH3CH=CH2Cl235000CBrCH2CHCH2Cl(A)正确,2(B)错,正确为: ClClCl
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有机化学课后习题答案
(5)
CH2CHCH2(6)
(7) (8)
(9)
(10)(11)(12)- 47 -
ClOHClCH2,H2O+3CH=CH2Cl25000CHCH=CHClC22ClCH2CHCH2ClClOHCa(OH)2CH2CHCH2NaOH,H2OCH2CHCH2ClOOHOHOH
CH3CH=CH2Cl2CH2KOH/C2H5OH3CHClCH2ClCH3CCHCl25000ClCH2CCHNaOH,H2OHOCHC2CCH
ClCH2CH2Cl2KOH/C2H5OHCHCH2HClCH3CHCl2
2KOH/C2H5OHBrCH2CH2BrCHCHBr2BrCH=CHBrHBrBrCH2CHBr2
CH2H2=CHCH=CH2Br2BrCH2CH=CHCH2Br2/NiBrCH2CH2CH2CH2Br2KCNNCCH2CH2CH2CH2CN
CHCHCl2ClCH=CHClHClClCH2CHCl22Cl2KOH/C2H5OHClKOH/C2H5OH2CHCHCl2ClCH=CCl2CH2=CCl2
ClClOHHClCl2NaOH,H2O5000C
CH3CH2ClCH2OHCH3(CH2O)3,HClCH3NaOH/H2OCH3CHCH33
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有机化学课后习题答案
(13)
CH3CH2CH2Br2KOH/C2H5OHHBrCH3CH=CH2Cl2CH3CHClCH2ClCNaCH3CCHNaCH3CCH3CH2CH2Br12.解:
CH3CH3CCH2CH3BrCH3CH3CCH2CH3ClCH3CH3CCH2CH3X-CH3CCCH2CH2CH3
CH3CH3OHCH3CCH2CH3OCH3CH3CH3CCH2CH3+H+CH3CH3C=CHCH3H+ 13.解:
ICH2=CCH2CH3CH3
Brhv(A)
14.解:
BrKOHEtOH(B)(C)O3Zn, H2OCH3CH2CHOCH2CHO
CH3(A):CH3CH2CHCH=CH2CH3CH3CH2CHCH=CH2HBrCH3CH3CH2CHCHCH3BrH2/NiCH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3(B)
(B) 无旋光性。
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