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Beaumarchais, Henrik Ibsen, Bernard Shaw, Chekhov

American novels (World War Ⅱ—)

1. Jerome David Salinger

代表作：The Catcher in the Rye

Main character: Holden Caulfield

2. Vladimir Nabokov 代表作：Lolita

Main characters: Humbert, Lolita 3. Jack Kerouac

代表作：On the Road

Main characters: Sal Paradise, Dean Monriarty The Beat Generation:

Features: rejection of standard narrative values, the spirit quest, exploration of American and Eastern religious, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.

4. Postmodernism: like modernism

Features of modernism: self-consciousness, spontaneity, fragmentation, discontinuity, ambiguity and simultaneity.

American poetry (anti-tradition school)

1. Black Mountain School 代表诗人：Charles Olson Feature: projective verse

Black Mountain Review黑山学派的刊物 2. The San Francisco School 3. Beat Poets

代表诗人：Allen Ginsberg (Howl 1956), Jack Kerouac

Beat poetry is oral, repetitive and immensely effective. It is the most anti-establishment form of literature in America. 4. The New York School

They have the best formal educations of any group.

Post realism 战后现实主义

Features: despair, ethnic groups, existential crisis， oppressed, despair, nihilism, brutality,

1. Norman Mailer

代表作：The Naked and the Dead, The Armies of the Night 2. John Updike

代表作：Five Rabbit books:

Rabbit, Run; Rabbit Redux; Rabbit is Rich; Rabbit at Rest; Rabbit Remembered Main character: Harry “Rabbit” Angstrom

Black Humor

Features: grotesque or morbid humor; express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox and the cruelty of the modern world. 1. Kurt Vonnegut

代表作：Slaughter House Five 2. Joseph Heller

代表作：Catch-22 (means dilemma) Anti-hero: Joseph Yossarian

Poems

20世纪disappointment disillusionment allusions

T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens, E.E.Cummings, Robert Frost (the road not taken)

Appreciation of poems: meter and rhyme 1. T.S.Eliot 诗歌之父

考印象派诗歌（不知道对应）

Imagism:20世纪美国文坛流派：Modernism: lost generation. Imagism came into being in Britain and US at around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation. T he imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of dominant image. 3 poetic principles of imagism: Direct treatment of subject matter Economy of expression

As regards rhythm, to compose in the sequence of musical phrase, not in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of metronome. Chaotic and structure less

必考： Pound: in a station of the metro It is a well known imagism poem

人群中那些亡魂的脸

花瓣，在潮湿的黑色枝头

Ezra Pound

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough. 考：TS Elliot the waste land 五个章节分别是： The burial of the died A game of chess The fire sermon Death by water What the thunder said

Robert Frost: the road not taken Realistic depiction Rural life Colloquial speech

Features: simple graceful tradition

Longfellow: a psalm of life

记住 art is long and time is fleeting , And our hearts, though stout and brave

Still, like muffled drums, are beatifuneral marches to the grave 小说补充洛丽塔第二十二条军规