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微观经济学名词解释

Chapter 1 business

fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and

cycle 经

production

济周期 economics经济学;

the study of how society manages its scarce缺乏的，罕见

经济，国家

的 resources

的经济状况 efficiencyn.功效; 效率，效

the property of society getting the most it can from its 能; 实力，

scarce resources

能力; [物] 性能; equalityn.同等，平

the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly

等; [数]

among the members of society

相等，等式; externality[,eks

the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the

t??'n?l

well-being of a bystander旁观者; 局外人; 看热闹的人

?t?]外部性

Chapter 2

circular-floa visual model of the economy that shows how dollars w diagram

flow through markets among households 家庭; 家庭，户and firms

macroeconomics [,m?kr??i?k?'n?m?ks; -ek-] microeconomi

cs [,ma?kr?the study of how households and firms make decisions ?i?k?'n?m?ks

normative['n

??m?t?v]标claims that attempt to prescribe定，规定; 指定，规定;准的 statements positive

claims that attempt to describe the world as it is

statements production

a graph that shows the combinations of output that the 美[pr??skra?b] how the world should be and how they interact in markets

the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth

possibilitieeconomy can possibly produce given the available s frontier factors of production and the available production