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虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示动作或状态是说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。主要用于条件句、让步状语从句和表示建议的名词性从句中。

（一）与事实相反的假设

1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式： 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 条件状语从句（if）（以do为例） 主句 did(be→were) had done A：did（were） B：were to do C：should do would/should/could/might do would/should/could/might have done would/should/could/might do 例如：

If I were you, I should study English. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：

If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

3.条件句中省略if， 把were, had, should提到句首，形成倒装。例如： Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

4其它方式表示。

(1)虚拟语气在as if (as though)、even if (even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时。例如：

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. (2)But for your help(without your help), I would have failed. (3)I am glad I studied. Otherwise, I would have failed.

针对练习

1. But for their help, we__________ the program in time.

A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished have finished

D. could not

2. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.

A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. can't

D. might

D. might not

3. If she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. could B. should C. can A. has come

4. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.

B. did come C. came

D. had come

5. —If he ________, he _______that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

6. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations. A. happened

B. would happen C. was happened

D. had happened

7. If it ________ so hard，we’d go to town.

A. isn’t raining B. weren’t raining C. doesn’t rain D. has rain 8. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

（二）主观愿望或祝愿

1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用did(be→were)；表示过去不能实现的愿望时用had done或could/would +have done；表示将来不能实现的愿望用would/could do。例如：

I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.if only? 要是?就好了，如： If only I could fly like an eagle. If only I had carried out my promise. 3. 注意→would rather+宾语从句表示一种主观愿望。例如： I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. I would rather you had not gone there.

针对练习

1. —Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? —Well, I’d rather you____. A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t 2. —I ____ to your birthday party last Sunday. —Unfortunately, you were out on business. A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come 3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 4. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 5. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 6. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told

7. I wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert

A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 8. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try

（三）建议

1. It is (high) time (that)? “（现在）该??”句型中，从句中的动词用虚拟语气，其形式为动词的过去式或should+do，如： It is (high/about) time(that) we went/should go to bed.

2.important/necessary/advisable/desirable/natural/vital/essential/significant/urgent等形容词，以it为形式主语或形式宾语所引导的从句中的谓语用虚拟语气，其形式为should+do或省略do的动词原形。如：

It is important that we (should) protect wild animals.

We found it necessary that everybody (should) be present at the meeting on time.

3.在command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、require、suggest（建议）、advise、recommend等表示建议的动词以及相应的各种名词性从句中，从句中的谓语用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+do”或省略should用动词原形。例如：

We insisted that they (should) go with us. The doctor ordered that they (should) stay in bed for a few days. 注意→①当insist意为“坚持认为”时宾语从句用陈述语气。当insist意为“坚决要求”

时宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

②suggest作“暗示”讲用真实时态，如：The white look on his face suggested that he was ill.

针对练习

1. It’s high time that we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer. A. work

B. will work C. worked

D. have to work

2. ____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake. A. Did I persuade A. try

B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade B. tried C. must try

D. can try

3. His suggestion that you ____once more sounds reasonable.

4. She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. A. hadn’t spoken

B. shouldn’t speak C. wouldn’t speak D. not speak

5. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall

D. were to

fall

6. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 7. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped

8. It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on

综合练习

1. If he ____ me his telephone number yesterday, I ____ able to ring him up now.

A. told; would be B. had told; would be C. had told; would have been D. told; am 2. If I ____ you, I ____ to Australia with Mr. Smith.

A. had been; would go B. were; had gone C. were; would have gone D. am; will go 3. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I ____ the chair.

A. would not take B. didn't take C. hadn't taken D. wouldn't have taken 4. — The experiment has failed! — I suggest that you ____ again. A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try

5. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ____ to your plan. A. didn't agree B. hadn't agreed C. wouldn't agree D. not agree 6. The manager was angry and ordered that this work ____ tomorrow. A. be finished B. finish C. was finished D. would finish 7. Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say? A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept 8. He wishes ___ mistakes. A. he doesn’t always make B. he isn’t always making C. he didn’t always make D. he wouldn’t always making 9. The doctor proposed that she ___. A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke 10. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent

11. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 12. It seems as if it ___ rain.

A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were

13. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be

14. It is important that we ________. the window before we leave A. shall close B. will close C. must close D. close 15.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.

A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught

强调句型

一、强调句型结构

（一）用It is／was…that／who…句型表示强调。

被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。 He met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调主语 ： 强调宾语： 强调时间状语： 强调地点状语：

（二）谓语动词的强调 1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。 e.g. He did write to you last week. Do be careful when you cross the street.

2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。

（三）疑问句的强调结构：

一般疑问句：Is / Was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。简单的答语为：“Yes, it is/was.”或 “No, it isn’t/wasn’t.”

(1)----Was ____that I saw last night at the concert? ---- No, it wasn’t.

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself (2)----\

-----_______.

A. I didn't know he was. B. Yes, it was. C. No, he wasn't. D. Yes, he did.

(3) Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronaut succeeded ________ landing on the moon?

A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。 e.g.: Where did you see her cell phone yesterday?

?Where was it that you saw her cell phone yesterday? (强调特殊疑问词where） How will you go to visit her tomorrow?

?How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow? （强调特殊疑问词how） (4) I really don’t know _____I had my money stolen.

A where is it that B when it is that C where it was that D it was where that

(5) ____ find my wallet,Tom ?

A. Where did you that B. Where was it you C. Where have you D. Where was it that you