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强调句型, 平行结构，错综时态的虚拟语气，比较级，in that结构，what 结构，make结构, 句法结构

(1) 强调句型的基本结构形式为: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子的其余部分。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态 (一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等), 用It is ... that ...。

强调部分可以强调主语、宾语和状语，不能强调谓语和定语；强调人使用who或者that, 其他的只能用that (即使是时间和地点)，who 和that绝对不能省略如果原句是过去时态，强调句型使用it was.，例如：原句：Ann bought these books last year.

强调宾语：It was these books that Ann bought last year. 强调状语：It was last year that Ann bought these books.

1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

2. It was between 1989 and 1999 ________ great changes took place in our hometown.

A. when B. that C. which D. because 3. Was________his illness________he didn’t go to see the film? A. necessary; when B. that important of; why C. even if; for D. it because of; that 4. Was________that I saw last night at the corner?

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself 5. It was not until 1920________regular radio broadcast began. A. while B. which C. that D. since

6. It was because of bad weather________the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 7. Was it during the Second World War________he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 8. It was ________ he said ________ disappointed me.

A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what 9. It was about 600 years ago________the first clock with an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when

10. ________is no possibility________Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether A

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(2) 平行结构: 连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构 一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构

并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than,as…as等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。 1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致

例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter. 例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.

2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致

例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.

例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories. 例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here. 3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致

例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading. 例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper. 4.所连接的句子结构必须一致

例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him. 例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.

二、某些特定的固定结构。例如： (1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如： prefer sth to sth

prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth 1) I prefer rice to noodles.

2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music. 3) He preferred to die rather than surrender. (2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如：

would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (宁可……也不……) 1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.

2) I would as soon stay at home as go.

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Exercise平行结构纠错:

1. The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop. 2. I don't know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore. 3. In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.

4. I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food. 5. They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days. 6. Michael's vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.

7. The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.

8. He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.

9. As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking. 10. Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.

11. He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly. 12. They bought the house for location and affordability.

13. Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?

14. This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose. 15. The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.

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(3) 错综时态的虚拟语气

1. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ _ now. A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile 2. If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, ___ .

A You won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3. He would be studying at the university now if he __ the entrance examination. A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed 4. It is a shame that he __ that poor little girl!

A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving

5. Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside __ her son's sleep.

A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with （4）比较级

1）比较级的基本内容

英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。 一般来说, 表示等于时用原级。

Eg. I’m just as busy today as I was yesterday. 表示二者的比较时用比较级

eg. I’m much busier today than I was yesterday. 表示“最”时用最高级

Eg. That was the busiest day of my life. 2）比较级测试特点

在四级测试中，比较级属低档题，比较简单，考查范围大体有 1）比较级形式的判断

比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择，more than 与as/so …as的选择。如下面的③，⑤。 2）比较级的修饰语

比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用。 结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前，如①，②和④。 修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定，如⑥，⑩。

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3）比较级结构与其它结构的区别

如⑧中形容词修饰语more than a month与比较级结构的区别，⑨中most 与the most的区别。

1) Radio, television and press ____ of conveying news and information.(1995.6) A. are the most three common means B. are the most common three means C. are the three most common means D. are three the most common means 2) If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1)

A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of us

3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.(1999.1)

A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as

4) Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6) A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much

5) There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.

A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely 6) The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1) A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 7) Certain programs work better for some ___ for others.(1995.1) A. and B. than C. as D. but

8) It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1)

A. to be paid more than a month late B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay late more than a month 9) It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)

A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of 10) The little man was _______one meter fifty high.(1997.1)

A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as