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Step 1: Lead—in

1. How do people communicate in our daily life? (spoken/written language, emoticons, hand gestures, facial expressions, posture, eye contact and so on) Do you know the following Chinese characters?

How is the language developed?

Anglo-Saxo Languages of Germanic tribes

Anglo-Saxon Middle English

2. Do you know the meaning of the following sentences?

French ⑴ Sotlice on tam dagum w?s geworden gebod fram tam casereAugusto, t?t eall ymbehwyrft w?re tomearcod. Teos tomearcodnesw?s ?ryst geworden fram tam deman Syrige Cirino. And ealle hig eodon, and syndrige ferdon on hyra ceastre. Da ferde Iosep fram Galilea of t?receastre ⑵ (translation by John Wycliffe, c. 1380-83)

And it was don in tho daies, a maundement wente out fro the emperour August, thatal the world schulde be discryued. This firste discryuyng was maad of Cyryn, iustice of Sirie. And alle men wenten to make professioun, ech in to his owne citee.

⑶ (King James version, c. 1604)

And it came to passe in those dayes, that there went out a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. (And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was gouernor of Syria) And all went to bee taxed, euery one into his owne citie.

Yes, the first passage comes from an old English article. The second one is a Middle English article. And the third one comes from a Modern English article. 3. Let’s discuss the following questions:

Since you have learnt English for several years, what do you know about the development or history of the English language?

What do you think is the most difficult part of studying English —pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary or something else?

Do you think English has always stayed the same? How did these changes happen? Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Let’s skim the passage and try to find answers to these questions: 1) What is the article about? (English and its history)

2) What are the three kinds of English discussed in the article? (Old English, Middle English and Modern English)

3) Is English still changing? (Yes)

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information

1. Let’s reread the article and complete Parts C1 and C2 individually to check your reading comprehension and to test your analytical thinking skills. Answers C1 1. They came from the European mainland. 2. Because each word or phrase came from a different language. 3. It was replaced by the French way of making plurals. 4. King Henry Ⅳ. 5. During the Renaissance in the 16th century. C2 1. 5th century 2. Celtic 3. European 4. Angles 5. French 6. 1066 7. 10th century 2. Let’s focus on the dates and years in the article, because they are very important when reading a history article. And fill in the table below. Time Before the middle of the 5th century At the end of the 9th century By the 10th century In 1066 Events People in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. The Vikings invaded Britain and brought their languages. Old English was the official language of England. The Normans conquered England and took control of the country. By the latter half of the 14th century In 1399 English was adopted by all classes in England. Henry Ⅳ became King of England and used English for all official occasions. During the Renaissance in the 16th Modern English began. century 3. Please complete Parts D1 and D2 individually and then we’ll check the answers as a class. Answers D1 1. e 2. f 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. b D2 beef mutton pork/bacon 4. Part E is a summary of the article, which will help you become more familiar with the usage of words and expressions in the reading passage. Complete it individually and then we’ll check the answers as a class. Answers E (1) dialects (2) consisted of (3) mixed (4) official (5) vocabulary (6) meat (7) servants (8) mother tongue Step 4: Post-reading activities

1.Let’s hold a mini press conference in groups of four, suppose one is a linguistic expert coming to our school, making a brief introduction about the development of the English language and the other three are journalists who will ask the expert any questions on it.

2.Please read the instructions for Part F, discuss the questions listed with your partners, and report