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如何正确写出句子的各个成分 第一课时 如何写好主语

主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。 一、单词作主语

1．主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当 2．单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。

使用高级词汇(except，besides，with，as well as，together with，along with等)连接主语。(注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致)

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。 二、动名词作主语 1．直接位于句首作主语

In my opinion，cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。 [句式升级] 动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。

Our school forbids us students to go out of the campus and we are strongly against it. →_______________________________________________________has raised a storm of objections. [练一练] We know of different cultures by learning English.

→_________________________ gives us an access to a variety of cultures. 2．动名词的复合结构作主语

动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。 3．用it作形式主语

为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。 【句型】It is no good/use arguing about it again. 再争论这件事无补于事。 三、动词不定式作主语 1．直接位于句首作主语

To have a positive attitude is wise when we are let down.当遭遇挫折时，怀有积极的态度是很明智的。 2．用it作形式主语

有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。

【句型1】：It＋be＋形容词(interesting，important，hard，difficult/impossible...)for sb. to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说??”

it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.对他们来讲，不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。

【句型2】：It＋be＋形容词(good，kind，nice，clever, foolish，right，polite，impolite，rude，brave，stupid, silly，selfish...)＋of sb.to do sth.“??能够做??真是??”

It’s rude of him not to invite you to attend the party. 没有邀请你参加晚会，他很失礼。 【句型3】：It＋be＋名词(one’s responsibility，one’s honor，a hardship，a pleasure...) to do sth.“做??是某人的责任/某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情??”

It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technology to build socialism. 学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。

【句型4】：It takes(sb.)＋时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”

It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。 [练一练] 翻译句子

①我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。____________________________________________________________ ②你帮助我做这项工作，真是太好了。__________________________________________________________ ③在这里发言我很荣幸。_____________________________________________________ 3．疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，whether，how)＋动词不定式作主语

什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。When to leave for Shanghai has not been decided yet. 点拨：动词原形不能作主语，可以用动名词或不定式。 动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向； 不定式作主语表示具体的动作。 当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时，可用it作形式主语。 ①Read as much as possible is necessary.(×) ②Reading as much as possible is necessary.(√) ③It is necessary to read as much as possible.(√) 四、从句作主语——主语从句

从句作主语(即主语从句)，这种句型属于高级句式，要注意把握句子的正确性； 主语从句常使用it作形式主语。

【句型1】：It＋be＋形容词/名词词组/过去分词/现在分词??＋主语从句 【句型2】：It＋不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to...)＋主语从句 It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.

还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。

It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。 [练一练] 翻译句子

① 人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ②我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。( ? Occur to sb )

___________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提升

1．按要求翻译句子

(1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语)

(2)老师和朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语；together with)

(3)了解同学们的好恶是基本的。(用不定式作主语；it作形式主语)

(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语)

(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事情。(用动名词作主语；it作形式主语)

(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语；It was suggested that...)

(7)随着时间的流逝，同学们正在开始更多地了解我。(用集合名词class作主语)

(8)遵照他们的建议，我已经取得了成功。(用代词作主语)

2．选用以上句子组建短文介绍自己的人际关系变化

Not being good at communicating with others made me feel lonely. My teacher together with my friends gave me some advice. To begin with，it is essential to learn about the classmates’likes and dislikes. In addition，to take an active part in the discussions held in the class is important/of great importance. What’s more，it is a pleasure listening to other people patiently. Last but not least，it was suggested