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英语形容词和副词的作用及位置

作者：甘志红

来源：《甘肃教育》2009年第20期

〔关键词〕 英语;形容词;副词;作用;位置 〔中图分类号〕 G633.41 〔文献标识码〕 C

〔文章编号〕 1004—0463(2009)10(B)—0046—01

一、形容词和副词在句中的作用

1.形容词的作用

形容词是用来说明人或事物特征的词,在句中常作以下成分: (1)作表语:放在be动词或系动词之后。如: The sweater is very expensive.

The day gets long and the night gets short now.

注意:表语形容词在句中只作表语,不作定语。如:afraid,asleep,alone,awake,glad等词。如: This is an asleep cat.(误) The lovely cat is asleep.(正)

(2)作定语:形容词作定语时修饰名词或代词。修饰名词时,常放在名词的前面;而修饰由some,any,no,every与one,body,thing,where组成的复合不定代词时,常将形容词放在这些不定代词的后面。如:

He has a beautiful bike.

Is there anything wrong with the computer?

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(3)作主语补足语和宾语补足语:表示事物的状态或事情的结果,放在主语和宾语后面。如: We should keep our city clean and safe.(宾补) Liu Hulan died very young.(主补)

(4)作名词:有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物。指人时,用复数动词;指物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如: The good in him outweighs the bad. The Chinese are very hard-working.

另外,有些形容词与数量词形成短语,作表语或定语,即:基数词+名词+形容词。如: The boy is ten years old.(作表语) This is a ten-year-old boy.(作定语) 2.副词的作用

副词是用来表示行为或性质特征的词。在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 (1)作表语:表方向的副词(up,down,in,out,on,away等)和表位置的副词(inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs,above,below等)可在句中作表语。如: My schoolbag is upstairs.

(2)作定语:副词作定语时,常放在被修饰的词之后。如: The potatoes here are very big.

(3)作状语:副词作状语时,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如: The people are flying kites quietly.(quietly修饰flying) How time flies!(how修饰整个句子) (4)作宾语补足语。如: Ask him downstairs,please.

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二、有些形容词和副词在句中的位置

1.形容词的位置

(1)单个形容词修饰名词时,放在名词的前面;而形容词短语修饰名词时,则放在名词的后面。如:

This is a house big to live in.

(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时,可放在名词的前面或后面,而作副词修饰形容词时要放在形容词的后面。如:

They have enough time to play football.(作形容词) The girl isn’t old enough to go to school.(作副词) (3)else修饰疑问词或不定代词时放在他们的后面。如: Where else do you want to go? Anything else? 2.副词的位置

(1)有些副词(often,usually,never,always等)常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后,实义动词之前。如:

I often go to school on foot. He has never been to Beijing.

(2)时间副词、地点副词一般放在句末。如果时间副词和地点副词同时出现在一个句子中时,地点副词在前,时间副词在后。如: We will go to Lanzhou tomorrow. (3)少数副词放在句子的前面。如: Luckily we have won the game.