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上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2006年9月

一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ） 第1题

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U. S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.

At issue is \—provided for since the

Constitution's 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: \persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.\

Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship

automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.

\the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,\said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. \advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they'll claim you're punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn't want to deal with that. \\

【正确答案】：答案: 本月，一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅，但是这个提案肯定会重新出台——即使该提案不能成为法律，也会引起激烈的争论。 争论的焦点是“与生俱来的公民权”——自1868年批准的宪法第14条修正案以来就对这一权利做了规定。以获得自由的奴隶为本意而起草的该修正案第一款规定：“凡在美国出生或归化美国、且受美国管辖之人，皆为美国公民。” 国会中的一些保守派以及主张对非法移民进行严厉打击的团体声言，多年来该修正案应用不当，其用意从来就不是理所当然地要给予非法移民的子女公民权。因而，他们宣称通过联邦立法，而不是一条难以达成的宪法修正案，就足以终结与生俱来的公民权。

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“大多数美国人认为，非法进入美国的人在美国生儿养女，使新生的子女成为美国的新公民，这是没有道理的，”美国移民改革联合会的发言人说。“但是非法移民的代言人定会小题大做；他们会说你们是在惩罚孩子，因此我料想我们的领导人不会愿意面对这件事情。” [本题分数]： 50.0 分 【答案解析】

二、Reading Comprehension（共20小题,共40.0分）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best. 第1题

Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it's no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It's not quite that simple. \can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can't be forced,\Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.

Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn't cool. \in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term, says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. You have to teach them that they are

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in charge of their intellectual growth. \the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. \everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleable,\University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students' interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, \can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their 'smartness' or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning. \Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. \programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,\psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children's academic performance. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. \students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,\says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.

Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph? A Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition. B How a baby learns to walk and talk.

C Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.

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