内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/10 15:58:28星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）真题及答案 78

12 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible？B A visit B phone C consult D invite

2 We had a long conversation about her parents.C A speech B question C talk D debate

3 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.D A stated B announced C demanded D suggested

4 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.B A lived on B depended on C believed in D joined in

5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.A A beats B maintains C matches D tries

6 All the pupils seem to be very cheerful.A A happy B healthy C naughty D busy

7 The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor.B A laid B displayed C kept D stored

8 She stood there， shaking with fury.C A misery B laughter C anger D cry

9 Mary evidently is the most diligent student among usD A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworking

10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless.C A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm

11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining？A A everlasting B long C temporary D boring

12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.B A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped

13 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.C A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere

14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor

15 Ten years after the event， her death still remains a puzzleC A mist B fog C mystery D secret

5 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Radiocarbon Dating

Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon （放射性碳）， or carbon-14， dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened.

Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon， called carbon-12， has six protons（中子） and six neutrons （质子） in its nucleus. Carbon-14， or C-14， is a radioactive， unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons （原子核）。 It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay （衰减）。 This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.

In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique， the weak radioactive emissions （放射） from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.

Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen （氮）-14， or N-14， interacts with cosmic rays （宇宙射线）。 Scientists believe since the Earth was formed， the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently， C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50，000 years.

All life on Earth is made of organic molecules （分子） that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14

atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues （组织）。 Once an organism （有机体） dies it tops taking in carbon in any form， and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases， and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating， the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample， the older that sample is. 16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objectsA A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old B A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsB A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbonC A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50，000 years.A A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it diesA A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25，000 years.C A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

8 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Chimpanzees

1 Chimpanzees （黑猩猩） will soon be extinct （灭绝）。 If the present rate of hunting and habitat （栖息地） destruction continues， then within 20 years， there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy （悲剧）。 Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications （含意） for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings.

2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes （基因组） match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse， used as model for human disease in lab tests， which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact， chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically， chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority （优先）。 But there is another， more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.

3 The chimpanzees' trump card （王牌） comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians （兽医） often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular， chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.

4 For example， chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV， the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed， their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant.

5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing （找到） the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans， scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This， they hope， will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration （改变） of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 Paragraph 1B

24 Paragraph 2D 25 Paragraph 3F 26 Paragraph 4E

A Reasons for HIV resistance

B Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C Effective AIDS treatment

D Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E Chimps' resistance to HIV

F Genetic differences between chimps and humans 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affectC

28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp andD

29 Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in protecting chimps from gettingB 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful toA A some human disease treatments B some diseases C human survival D human genomes E key areas F healthier lifestyle

33第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Water

The second most important constituent （构成成份） of the biosphere （生物圈） is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures， since water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃。 Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.

The earth's supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately， but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a