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延续性动词和非延续性动词

延续性动词是指表示能够延续的动作。

如：study, work, stand, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 ☆延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

非延续性动词这类动词也可称为终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词、点动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束。

☆非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。

因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他已经死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.

两者的转换：

leave --- be away,borrow --- keep, buy --- have,begin/start --- be on,

die --- be dead, fall ill --- be ill finish --- be overopen sth --- keep sth open, get up---be up,come here --- be here, go there --- be there,fall asleep --- be asleep become --- be,come back --- be back, get to know --- know,go (get) out →be out， put on→ wearcatch a cold →have a cold marry/get married---be married等

例:The old man died 4 years ago

. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.

----Four years has passed since the old man died.

练习题

用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. ________ you _________ (have) lunch yet? When _______ you _________ (have) it? I _______ (have) it at half past eleven.

2. _________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet? Yes, I ___________.

I ________________ (write) one last week.

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.” 4._________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work. 6. My father _________ (finish) his work just now.

短暂性动词转换为延续性动词 ①arrive at/in → be in

1) He arrived in Beijing five minutes ago.

He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________. 2) I moved to the USA last year.

I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________. 3) I went home yesterday.

I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________. 4) They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________. ②come/go back, return → be back come go out → be out

1) He came out two years ago.

He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.

2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.

We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become → be

1) I became a teacher in 2000.

I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________. 2) The river became dirty last year.

The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close → be closed open → be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago.

The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________. 2) The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up； die → be dead； leave→ be away from

fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleep； finish/end → be over； marry → be married； 1) I got up two hours ago.

I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________. 2) He left Fuzhou just now.

He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002.

My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________. 4) The meeting finished at six.

The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago.

I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________. 6) They married in 1990.

They ________ _________ __________since _________.