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第一讲 时态、语态

单句语法填空

1．(2017·浙江台州期末考试)We____________(reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years, but cars are still major source of them.

have reduced/have been reducing 解析：由句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

2．(2017·福建福州十三中期中考试)Then he____________(hide) behind a tree and waited. hid 解析：根据and后面的waited可知，与之并列的动作也应用一般过去时。

3．(2017·江西南昌一模)At a young age, he____________(move) to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.

moved 解析：根据时间状语at a young age可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

4．(2017·浙江金丽衢州十二校联考)I just graduated from West Coast University.I____________(receive) job skill training just before that, but I had never worked.

had received 解析：此处根据just before that可知，我在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。

5．(2017·浙江金华十校模拟)Doctors and scientists ____________(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.

have learned 解析：根据in the last thirty years可知，本句应用现在完成时。

6．(2017·合肥第一次检测)It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent ____________(need)．

is needed 解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。

7．(2017·石家庄质量检测)A newborn baby would ____________(dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old. be dressed 解析：考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。

8．(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)A group of people paraded(游行) through the village, two of them dressed as a lion, going into every home to perform a song for good fortune.I ____________(attract) by this and followed the group, taking photos to share with my family. was attracted 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。该句主语I和动词attract之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

9．(2017·贵州普通高等学校招生适应性考试)There are many different taboos(禁忌) around

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the world.A taboo is a social action that is not ____________(allow)．

allowed 解析：考查被动语态。该句是一个复合句，在that引导的定语从句中关系词that代指a social action，和动词allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

10．(2017·河北七所名校联考)The market, which ____________(call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.

is called 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。

Ⅱ 单句改错

1．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)But yesterday we have an argument about the football clubs.____________________

have→had 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语yesterday可知，该句应用一般过去时，故动词用过去式。

2．(2017·安徽百所重点高中二模)It’s not the people you came across in your daily life who will stand by you in time of need.____________________

came→come 解析：根据本句主要时态为一般现在时以及此处描述通常的情况可知，此处应用一般现在时。

3．(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)When I get home, I said to my parents, “Everything was great about the camping. I want to be a teacher like Anna in the future.”____________________ get→got 解析：考查动词时态。由said可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

4．(2018·山东省部分重点中学第一次调研)Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran bought a real bed.It was the first time that he have become the proud owner of a bed.____________________

have→had 解析：It was the first time that sb.had done sth.为固定句型。

5．(2017·洛阳统一考试)When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.____________________

has→had 解析：考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。

6．(2017·贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walking past the stalls，a loud noise was caught my attention.____________________

删除was 解析：考查动词语态。主语a loud noise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表主动，故删除was。

7．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)Although the best doctors called for him, he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.____________________

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called前面加were 解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。主语the best doctors为复数且和动词call之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用were。

8．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Then we go to a KTV bar where we sang many popular songs.____________________

go→went 解析：由从句中的sang可知此处是讲述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。

9．(2017·福建福州十三中期中考试)Today I’ve got wonderful news to tell you.I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.____________________ had→have 解析：根据句意可知，指过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。

10．(2017·湖南衡阳八中二模)To everyone in the world, money was a sensitive topic.____________________

was→is 解析：根据句意可知，表示一种客观事实，用一般现在时。

Ⅲ 语法填空

(2017·福建漳州一中期中考试)Ask three people to look out of 1.____________same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see.Chances are 2.____________you will receive three different answers.Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something 3.____________(difference) about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds.Of the three people who look out of the window, one may say that he 4.____________(see) a policeman giving a motorist a ticket.Another may say that he sees rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection.The 5.____________(three) may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four 6.____________(child)．Perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses—in this case our eyes—tell us.

Many psychologists today are working 7.____________(try) to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.8.____________(use) a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors.9.____________ measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive 10.____________(total) different things about the same scene.

1．the 解析：the same“相同的”，为固定搭配。

2．that 解析：Chances are that...“……很可能”，为固定句型，其中that在从句中没有实际意义，也不作成分，但不能省略。

3．different 解析：修饰不定代词something，应用形容词。 4．sees 解析：所填词作谓语，主语为he，故用第三人称单数。

5．third 解析：由上文的“Of the three people...one may say...Another may say...”可知，

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