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15) She gets lost easily while driving; so now whenever she is uncertain as to which road to take, she will telephone her husband.

Increasing Your Word Power

1 The preposition “as” is often used together with some verbs to describe the fact that sb./sth. has a particular function, role or job. Translate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the “verb… as” collocation.

1) accept … as 接受……为 2) respect … as 尊重……为 3) define … as 把……定义为 4) describe … as 把……描述成 5) picture … as 把……想像成 6) regard … as 把……看作 7) see … as 把……看作 8) view … as 把……看作

Now complete the following sentences by using the “verb + as” collocation.

1) I respect him. In my eyes, he is not only a father, but also a writer. I respect him both as a father and as a writer .

2) While listening to the music, I felt as if I were a swan (天鹅) dancing on the lake.

While listening to the music, I pictured myself as a swan dancing on the lake .

3) He has to face the challenge, thinking it is an opportunity to test his courage. He accepts the challenge as an opportunity to test his courage .

4) I feel quite at ease at my aunt’s home. In their eyes, I am one of their family members.

They see me as one of their family members .

5) I didn’t mind it at all. He was just making a joke. I viewed it as a joke .

6) She told me that Mark was in his late teens, tall and friendly to everyone. She described Mark as being in his late teens, tall and friendly to everyone .

7) It was generally agreed that Van Dyck was the greatest painter of his time. Van Dyck was generally regarded as the greatest painter of his time .

8) To some, love is a way of life; to others, love is a way to feel.

Some define love as a way of life , while others define it as a way to feel .

2 Did you notice the suffix -al or -ial in the words “trial” and “arrival” in this unit? The suffix -al or -ial can be added to verbs to form nouns. Put down the noun forms of the following verbs in the space provided.

1) arrive → arrival 2) try → trial

3) approve → approval 4) betray → betrayal 5) bury → burial 6) dismiss → dismissal 7) dispose → disposal 8) propose → proposal 9) refuse → refusal 10) remove → removal 11) survive → survival 12) withdraw → withdrawal

Now fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words with the suffix -al or -ial from the above exercise. Change the form where necessary.

1) My offer to help her met with a cold refusal , which made me quite upset.

2) We all went out to welcome the new arrivals who would join us in building a new hospital in our village.

3) I’m worrying about the removal of my furniture to the new apartment — those sofas, tables — I cannot handle them all by myself.

4) The company can’t fire you for refusing to sign that form — it would be an unfair dismissal .

5) Hopes are fading for the survival of the missing climbers; they are possibly dead by now.

6) We’ll consider this proposal seriously. Do you have any other suggestions?

7) I’ll do the washing up. Who will see to the disposal of the rubbish?

8) He expressed his approval of our arrangement by nodding his head several times.

Grammar in Context

1 In Unit 2 and Unit 3 you find the following sentences containing “no matter what”, “whenever” and “whatever.”

1) And whenever those hands sought mine in the final days of his life, he pressed them both together around one of my hands. (Para. 1, Text B, Unit 2)

2) Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. (Para. 6, Text B, Unit 3)

3) We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. (Para. 6, Text B, Unit 3)

Here no matter what / who / which / how / when / where and whatever, whoever, whichever, however, etc. mean “it makes no difference what (who, which, how, etc.)…”.

Now complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the bracket into English, using “no matter what (who, which, how, etc.)” or “whatever (whoever, whichever, however, etc.)”.

1) I’ll borrow whichever tent you are not using now (你们现在不用的任何一顶帐篷).