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2) Free movie tickets will be given to whoever comes / come first (最早来的人们).

3) We agreed to accept whichever / whatever condition our captain thought was the best (任何我们队长认为最佳的条件).

4) Friends are forever comforts. Wherever / No matter where I go (无论我走到哪里) their care follows.

5) It is neither possible nor sensible for parents to satisfy whatever wishes their child / children expresses / express (孩子表达的任何愿望).

6) However disappointed / No matter how disappointed you may feel about the surroundings / environment / situation (不管你对环境有多么失望), you’re supposed to complain less and work more.

7) Respect for the law is the foundation of a civilized society. Whoever breaks it (不管谁触犯法律) will be punished.

8) David is in the habit of knitting his brows (皱眉头) whenever he concentrates on a problem (每当他集中精力思考问题的时候).

2 The structure It is … that / who … is used to achieve emphasis, as shown in the following sentences taken from Text A.

1) And it is those who desire the good of their friends for the friends’ sake that are most truly friends…. (Para. 5)

2) It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found…. (Para. 5)

Now correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. Write NONE under the correct sentence(s).

1) It is not luck but hard work which led him to today’s success.

It is not luck but hard work that led him to today’s success.

2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy makes the world go round.

Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.

3) Not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust.

It was not until he had proved he was honest that he won the family’s trust.

4) It was clearly the headmaster himself whom opened the door for me.

It was clearly the headmaster himself who / that opened the door for me.

5) What is it that Jack has to take into consideration when applying for the job?

NONE

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.

What is genuine friendship? Some classical (1) views may help us understand the notion (2) of friendship more clearly. Aristotle distinguishes genuine friendship from two other forms: one based on mutual utility (3) and the other on pleasure. While the ground (4) for the latter two forms of friendship is closely related to material benefits, short-term interests or age, genuine friendship occurs (5) only between those who are similar in their goodness (6). Cicero, another ancient scholar, believes that true friends’ actions and lives should leave no question as to (7) their honor, purity, equity and liberality. Whether or not one possesses (8) any superiority over the other, both must regard themselves as equals of the other and try their best to preserve the friendship. Moreover, true friends are bound (9) together, as a friend is said to be a mirror (10) in which you may perceive and know yourself. When virtuous (11) friends share a commitment (12) to the good, they can recognize each other’s moral excellence (13) and fulfill their self-improvement.

Translation

1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

1) 以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。(ground; break up)

The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.

2) 孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。(distinguish between)

Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games.

3) 当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的。(sensible)

There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.

4) 诸如背弃朋友 (betrayal to friends) 这类事并不受法律制约，所以才有了我们称作的―道德法庭‖。(regulate)

Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called ―the court of morality‖.

5) 有人把今天的文化描述为―快餐文化‖。无论做什么事，人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。(describe as)

Today’s culture is described as ―fast-food culture‖. Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.

6) 常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。(as the saying goes)

As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it.

2 Translate the following paragraph into English using the words and expressions in the box below.

ground philosopher possess surpass utility virtue as to break up have the courage of one’s convictions trials and tribulations

大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。至于什么是友谊，我们已经学习了古希腊大哲学家亚里士多德、古罗马政治家西塞罗各自不同的定义。不可否认有些人交朋友仅仅是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。但更多的人渴望―心灵之友(soul pals)‖，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。这样的友谊使我们远离贪欲、暴力，鼓励我们敢于按照自己的信念说话和做事。这样的友谊才是我们说的―真挚的友谊‖。正是由于这些朋友的相伴，我们发现自己总在超越原来的自己，成为更好的人。

As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up.