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3. Combine each pair of the sentences as shown in the example. Example: Lu Xun was born in this house. It is now a museum. → The house in which Lu Xun was born is now a museum. 1) The soil was sandy. The road was laid on this soil.
2) The Peking Man was discovered in a cave near Beijing. We visited the cave last summer.
3) All members of the cast are expected to read the novel. The film is based on the novel.
4) Every Spring Festival, he goes to see a peasant family. He worked with this family 30 years ago.
5) He signed the first contract with the pen for his company. He said that he would keep the pen forever.
6) From the little town many outstanding scientists have sprung. This town is much reported by the media.
7) 00C is the freezing point of water. At this point water turns to ice.
8) The Braille system is the main method. By this method blind people all over the world read.
9) Ms. Li has started a school of her own. My sister took piano lessons from her three years ago.
10) The type of PC you should buy depends on your purpose. You will use your PC for this purpose.
4. Put in connectives.
1) One day watching the swinging of a hanging lamp, Galileo made an important discovery. 2) One of the world‘s great tragedies is so many people die for nothing. 3) ―Let the water run it gets warm,‖ she said. ―Here‘s a clean towel.‖
4) An elderly man had collapsed crossing the street, an ambulance rushed him to the hospital immediately. 5) Believe it or not, opportunity will look for you you‘re worth finding.
6) Mrs. Jones was walking alone a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch her purse. The purse strap came off, he pulled so hard he lost his balance.
7) It happened so quickly, so simply after all the years of waiting and uncertainty, I can see and feel the whole scene it had happened last week.
8) You may work with a reserved person for years without ever knowing he lives, many children he has, and his interests are.
9) I wondered Jack could remain so calm before a major exam and asked he wasn‘t nervous. 10) Lose one hour in the morning you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
11) my dad was killed in an accident at work , my mum was paid insurance by the firm, she‘s better off she ever was. The only thing is, she doesn‘t care she‘s alive or dead my dad‘s gone.
12) asked what he would do to solve Beijing‘s traffic problems he were put in charge of Beijing Transport, Lao Wang, a bus driver, said, ―I‘d ban private cars in central Beijing from 7 P.m. to 7 a.m. the owners actually lived there. I‘d take measures most people would travel by bus or by the subway train.‖
IV Written Work
Write a paragraph of about 130 words, commenting on the two approaches to scientific research.
Key to the exercises
1. Practice using the rules of word formation.
1) Examine how the words ―socialism‖ and ―warmth‖ are formed. Find out the meaning of the suffixes ―-ism‖ and ―-th‖ with the help of a dictionary.
The suffix ―-ism‖, from Greek, is used to form nouns which often refer to a belief based on a particular principle or the teachings of a particular person. The suffix ―-th‖, is often used to form nouns.
2) Turn the following into words ending in the suffix ―-ism‖ and then give their meaning. Add more words to the list.
communism internationalism environmentalism Marxism fascism nationalism feudalism racism idealism realism
industrialism socialism sexism
3) Complete the sentences based on the Chinese in the brackets. (1) Faith (2) depth (3) width (4) Truth (5) strength (6) Health
(7) warmth (8) Wealth (9) death, birth (10) length, width, depth
2. Give words or expressions with similar meanings. (1) to alter (2) satisfied (3) to cry out
(4) very dangerous (5)passable/tolerable/satisfied/acceptable/fair (6) to control (7) intellect/mental power/wisdom
(8) to complete (9) marvelous/outstanding/excellent/great (10) tragedy (11) distinction (12) essential (13) result (14) in the same way
(15) uncommon/queer/odd/strange (16) circumstance (17) in fact/as a matter of fact (18) thoughtful (19) sensible (20) entirely/fully
3. Complete the sentences with expressions listed below in their proper forms. 1) get rid of 2) let, loose 3) turned out
4) But for 5) is capable of 7) aimed at, spurred, on 8) If only 9) aiming at 12) appealed to
4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs. 1) as 2) on 3) with, to 4) as, on 5) about 6) at 7) to 8) off 9) of, with
10) with 11) on, with 12) into 5. Put the following into English:
1) to give an example 2) to make progress 3) to spread germs 4) to make an invention 5) to show me the whole process 6) to grip him 7) to drive him 8) to make an invention
9) to destroy that country 10) to fulfill their aspiration
11) to dominate the world 12) to put into the Port of Dalian
6. Choose the right word or expression and put it in the proper form. 1) (1) alive (2) live(adj.)/living (3) live(adj.) (4) living 2) (1) able (2) capable (3) capable
3) (1) examine/check (2) inspect (3) check (4) check (5) examine
7. Examine the uses of ―offer‖ and ―work‖ in the sentences below. List other possible uses of these words, and then make sentences after the models. Other possible uses of ―offer‖ and ―work‖: offer: to offer sth. To offer to do sth. Offer(n.)
work: to work sb./sth.
Other idiomatic expressions: to work on, to work out, to work out to, to work one‘s way, etc.
8. Give the verb pattern of the underlined part in the sentence below, list other possible adverbs, and the using the pattern, put the Chinese into English. Verb pattern: be ＋ adv.
Other possible adverbs: away, back, here, off, in, on, out, there, through, up
1) Where are you off to?
2) Mr. Baker is out for a little stroll.
3) How long have you been back from Thailand? 4) They are not up yet.
5) Why are the lights on in broad daylight?
6) The film is still on. It won‘t be over until 10 o‘clock. 7) The car exhibition has been on for two weeks. 8) Li Yan is away for a meeting in Wuhan.
9) Please put all these magazines back when you‘re through. 10) My mother is not in. She‘s on night shift at the office. 9.Put in the missing words
(1) stopped (2) wondering (3) done (4) suggested (5) where (6) occurred (7) knowing (8) was (9) blocked (10) who (11) up (12) don‘t (13) out (14) again (15) work III.Grammar
1. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets. 1) as many economists had expected 2) As a scientist points out
3) as an epic of the Tibetan people 4) as natural disasters go
5) as both their families had hoped 6) as the Venice of China
7) as a walking dictionary of our class 8) as everybody knows 9) as gifts
10) as scientists have proved
2. Rewrite the sentences as shown in the examples.
1) It isn‘t easy to find a qualified person for the position.
2) It tales patience to deal with complaints from difficult customers. 3) It upset her to see many of the tree destroyed.
4) It would be wonderful if you and your family could visit Beijing next summer.
5) It must be exciting to report on sport events such as the World Cup and the Olympics.
6) It helps a person a lot in the job market to have the three skills – driving, good English and the ability to use a computer.
7) It pleased Dr. Wu to see that his research was being carried on by dedicated young people. 8) It takes courage to ask what other people regard as ―stupid‖ questions. 9) It‘s a pity that they‘ve decided to cancel the trip.
10) It‘s necessary to show your ID to the guard at the entrance whenever you want to enter the building. 3. Complete each pair of the sentences as shown in the example. 1) The soil on which the road was laid was sandy.
2) Last summer we visited the cave in which the Peking Man was discovered.
3) All members of the cast are expected to read the novel on which the film is based.
4) Every Spring Festival, he goes to see the peasant family with whom he worked 30years ago.
5) He said that he would keep forever the with which he had signed the first contrast for his company. 6) The little town, from which many scientists have sprung, is much reported by the media. 7) Zero degree centigrade is the freezing point at which water turns to ice.
8) The Braille system is the main method by which blind people all over the world read.
9) Ms Li, from whom my sister took piano lessons three years ago, has started a school of her own. 10) The type of PC you should buy depends on the purpose for which the PC is used. 4. Put in connectives.
1) while 2) that 3) until 4) while, and 5) if 6) when, but, that 7) that , as if 8) where, how, what 9) how, why 10) and
11) When, so, than, if, now(that) / since 12)When, if, unless, so that
IV. Written Work
Write a paragraph of about 130 words, commenting on the two approaches to scientific research. Sample:
The parable raises the question of what purposes science and technology should serve and criticizes two wrong approaches to scientific research. The military of the unnamed Caribbean country wanted to
dominate the whole Caribbean by letting loose a plague capable of destroying whole nations. They tried to make a talented scientists invent a deadly germ. However, the scientist worked just for wonder, and not for use. He worked on the germ for some time until another fancy idea attracted him. He wanted to create an artificial blade of grass, and nothing could turn him away from this, not even the threat from the military, who finally had him executed. It should be an interesting debating topic what a scientist should work for. Should scientists care about the social consequences of their work? (132 words)
Lesson Eight Psychologically Speaking
I.Oral work
1)Discuss the following questions.
From the psychological point of view，what did Charles want to prove?
（1）Young people usually act on the spur of the moment. They often do not know what they are talking about.
（2）People value family and marriage because they have strong psychological need for safety. （3）Jealousy is a powerful emotion and can reawaken love. （4）People are afraid of change.
（5）People usually value more what they don‘t have or what are about to lose forever.
2）Some young people in our country have also been talking about—even practicing cohabitation（a man and a woman living together without marriage）.They think this is cool, a revolution. Give your views about this. Do you favor the idea of ―experimental marriage‖? Why or why not? Work in a group. Think of some positive ideas and some negative ideas. Be prepared to present your group‘s ideas to the class. II.Vocabulary
1. Practice using the rules of word formation.
1）Examine how the words ―forehead ‖and ―childish‖ are formed. Find out the meaning of the prefix ―fore-‖ and the suffix ―-ish‖ with the help of a dictionary. forehead： + childish： +
2）Add the prefix―fore-‖to the following words and vice versa. Give their meanings. front forecast most forefather runner foreman see forefinger sight foretaste
3）Change the words into adjectives that end in the suffix ―-ish‖. Give their meanings. green girl gray boy red woman self thirty fool sixty book Scot
4）Complete the sentences based on the Chinese in the brackets. （1）He showed a （孩子气的）lack of control over his temper. （2）You must learn to share and not to be （自私的）. （3）That evening he wore a （带黄颜色的）jacket.
（4）Portugal was under （西班牙的）rule from 1580 to 1640.
（5）He writes a very （学究气的）style even in his letters. （6）We should have （预见到）his trouble weeks ago.
（7）He hoped that he would go to visit Africa where his （祖先）had lived.
（8） He did not want to be the （领班）because he liked his present job very much.
（9）The weather （预告）on the radio today says there are storms coming at the weekend. 2. Give the opposite of the following. 1）abroad 12）naive
2）afterwards 13）nervous
3）civilized 14）peculiar（said of a place） 4）conventional 15）permanent 5）false 16）pompous
6）to impose 17）to prevent 7）miserable 18）primitive
8）to pack 19）proper（said of behavior） 9）enthusiastic 20）separate（adj.） 10）perfect 21）sympathetic 11）sternly
3. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms，and then make a sentence with each of them.
at a（great /heavy…）cost to decide on in some measure to open one‘s eyes to to be ashamed of
1）She having done so little for her sick father.
2）We have gained our peace and stability .We should do our best to preserve them. 3）Have you the subject you‘re going to write your paper on? 4）University life is very rewarding .It my ignorance.
5）I think the world economy has recovered .But complete recovery may take a few more years. Sentence 1） Sentence 2） Sentence 3） Sentence 4） Sentence 5）
4. Put the following into English, using appropriate expressions from the text. 1）他看上去将近100岁了，但谁也说不准。 2）别拐弯抹角了。说吧！你要什么？
3）我一点也猜不出他们为什么会决定各奔东西。
4）我们得让老百姓对今后一、二年内可能发生的大地震有思想准备，越快越好。 5）他整天瞎逛，不务正业，看来一辈子成为他父母的负担了。
6）由于非他能力所及的情况，他读了四年书就不得不工作养家了。 7）后来他后悔跟他老板跑了。
8）我们不能愚蠢地认为万事太平，我们也可能成为他们袭击的目标。
5. Based on the Chinese in the brackets, complete the sentences using phrasal verbs of ―work‖. 1）I don‘t money（光为……工作）. Otherwise I wouldn‘t have taken up teaching. 2）For the whole vacation，I （在学习）my chemistry. 3）Pauline （仍然在撰写）the book she started last winter. 4）Before he became on economist，he （当）a lawyer.
5）The size of the area （能被算出）easily now that we know its length and breadth. 6）Professor Shaw suggested that I（插进）a few humorous remarks in my speech.
7）They thought production would be raised if the interest rate was lowered. But things didn‘t （发展）that way.
8）The travel agency （会拟订出）a route for you if tell them where you‘d like to go.