经济学基础练习题及答案 下载本文

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relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \1\n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their significance in rate 1, currency, length, area, vume 1, size 2, table ...olume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and vol和练习题04

第四章 消费者行为理论

三、练习题 (一)填空

1.边际效用递减规律普遍存在于一切物品的消费中,对于这一规律可以

用 和 两个理由来解释。 答案:生理或心理的原因 物品本身用途的多样性

2.顾客买一件衣服,愿意购买原价180元的款式,但是付款时发现商家做活动打折优惠至160元,那么我们把那20元称作 。 答案:消费者剩余

提示:消费者心理宁愿付出的价格超过他实际付出的价格的部分就是消费者剩余。 3.效用是人们从消费某种物品或服务中所得到的 ,一般来讲效用具有

和 的特征。 答案:满足感 相对性 主观性

提示:效用是人主观上对某种物品的满足程度,并且这种满足感是因人、因时、因地而不同的。

4.消费者的 表示为对一种物品或几种物品组合的排序。 答案:偏好

提示:偏好是人们在购买一种或多种商品或服务而表现出来的一种内在心理倾向,这种倾向就是对商品或服务的排序选择。

5.当边际效用为正时,总效用 ;边际效用为零时,总效用 ;当边际效用为负时,总效用 。 答案:上升 达到最大 下降

提示:本题考查的是总效用与边际效用的关系。根据边际效用递减规律,边际效用递减,总效用先越来越慢地递增后递减。

6.边际效用是指消费最后一个单位商品或服务所带来的 。 答案:满足感的增量 提示:这种增量可以是正数也可以为负数。

7.消费者愿意对某种物品所支付的价格与他实际支付的价格的差额称为 。答案:消费者剩余

8.在劳动供给决策中,随着工资的增加,替代效应使劳动供给 ,收入效应使劳动供给 。 答案:增加 减少

提示:替代效应指工资增加引起的工作对闲暇的替代;收入效应是指收入的增加引起人们对劳动闲暇的增加,从而引起劳动供给的减少。

9.在消费与储蓄决策中,决定消费者储蓄决策的是 。 答案:利率

提示:消费者是根据效用最大化原则来决定储蓄或消费的,如果银行利率足够高,那么消费者会选择储蓄;如果消费者认为银行利率低于资金的时间价值,那么就会选择消费。

10.在考虑到投资的风险时,家庭投资决策取决于一项投资的 。 答案:未来收益率

提示:消费者投资的目的是为了更好的收益,所以家庭投资决策最终取决于一项投资的未来收益率。 (二)单项选择

1.按马斯洛的需要层次论,最高层次的需要是( )

A.生理需要 B.安全需要 C.自我实现需要 D.尊重需要

relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their significance in rate 1, currency, length, area, vume 1, size 2olume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and vol, table ...和答案:C

提示:马斯洛的需要层次理论由低到高为基本生理需要;安全的需要;社交、归属感和友情的需要;尊重的需要;自我实现的需要。自我实现的需要包括自我发展、自我理想的实现等,是人类最高层次的欲望。 2.“萝卜白菜,各有所爱”体现了效用的( )

A.相对性 B.同一性 C.主观性 D.客观性 答案:C

提示:不同的人对萝卜和白菜的效用的主观评价是不一样的,因此体现了效用的主观性,A、B、D都不能反映题干的内容。

3.“书到用时方恨少”体现了效用的( )

A.相对性 B.同一性 C.主观性 D.客观性 答案:A

提示:效用的相对性,指产生满足感是因人、因时、因地而异的,因此题中的观点体现了效用的相对性。 4.影响消费者行为的因素中,( )使得“甲之砒霜,乙之佳肴”成为可能。

A.欲望 B.偏好 C.预算约束 D.价格 答案:B

提示:偏好是人们在购买一种或多种商品或服务而表现出来的一种内在心理倾向,因此,这种主观倾向使得对于某种物品甲认为是毒药而乙认为是美味成为可能。 5.( )是劳动供给决策的决定因素。

A.劳动者的偏好 B.劳动者的身体素质 C.工

资 D.劳动市场需求 答案:C

提示:工资的变动通过替代效应和收入效应来影响劳动供给,工资作为劳动的价格决定了劳动供给决策。 6.根据边际效用递减规律,数量的增加会引起消费者需求的降低,企业为了克服商品销售量的下降,最可采取的措施是( )

A.多做广告 B.降低成本

C.产品不断创新 D.促销 答案:C

提示:根据边际效用递减规律,如果一种产品仅仅是数量增加,它带给消费者的边际效用就在递减,消费者愿意支付的价格就低了,因此,企业要不断创新,产品要多样化,才不会引起边际效用递减。 7.随着消费者购买的某物品数量的增加,该物品给消费者所带来的边际效用 ,而货币边际效用 。( )

A.递增、递增 B.递减、不变

C.递增、递减 D.递增、不变 答案:B

relationship, established equivalent relationship 14, and subject: application problem (4)--scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores, and percentage application preliminary knowleoblem of key is: according to meaniphing, (1) determine standard volume (units \n in-line solution. Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineering problem problem XV, a subject: review of the measurement of the amount of capacity, measurement and units of measurement of comnt and their signifcone is sligicance in rate 1, currency, length, area, volume, unit size, volume, weight and rate. (Omitted) 2, commonly used time units and their relationships. (Slightly) with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1, and of method 2, and poly method 3, and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1, and tool measurement 2, and estimates 16, and subject: geometry preliminary knowledge (1)--line and angle review content line, and segment, and Ray, and vertical, and parallel, and angle angle of classification (slightly) 17, and subject: geometry prdge (2)--plane gracs review content triangle, and edges shaped, and round, and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and arehea combination graphics of area subject : Preliminary knowledge (3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into: cylinder and cone 2, column is divided into: cuboid, square 3, cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relatimon units of measuremeonship between characteristics of circular htly solid surface area and volume 1, size 2, table ...和提示:根据边际效用递减规律,物品的边际效用递减。但相对与人的无穷欲望而言,作为财富象征的货币的边际效用的不变的,增加一个单位的货币其效用不会递减,只有物品的效用递减,增加的货币会转移到购买高效用的其他物品上去。

8.随着商品消费量的增加,一般来说,消费者获得的( )

A.总效用递减 B.边际效用递减

C.边际效用递增 D.边际效用不变 答案:B

提示:边际效用递减。

9.如果当消费某种商品的边际效用为零时,则这时消费该商品所得到的总效用( ) A.等于零 B.等于1 C.降至最小 D.达到最大 答案:D

提示:边际效用为零是,总效用处于由上升到下降的拐点位置,此时总效用达到最大。 10.如果消费者取得的货币效用大于所购入的商品效用,则它会( )

A.继续购买 B.停止购买

C.退掉已购入的商品 D.观望 答案:A

提示:消费者用货币购买商品,就是以效用交换效用。消费者通过对商品效用和货币效用的对比来决定是否购买商品。消费者取得的货币效用大于所购入的商品效用,也就是说消费者此时用货币购入的商品是相对划算的,举例来说,假如原本10元钱=1个汉堡,现在用9元钱就可以买到1个汉堡,那么消费者取得的货币效用大于所购入的商品效用,根据需求定理,因为价格相对低时需求量会增加,所以消费者会继续购买。

11.如果消费者消费15个面包获得的总效用是100个效用单位,消费16个面包获得的总效用是106个单位,则第16个面包的边际效用是( )个效用单位。

A.112 B.100 C.106 D.6 答案:D

提示:106-100=6

12.消费者剩余是指消费者从商品的消费中得到的( )

A.满足程度 B.满足程度超过他实际支出的价格部分

C.边际效用 D.满足程度小于他实际支出的价格部分 答案:B

提示:消费者剩余是指消费者心理宁愿付出的价格超过他实际付出的价格的部分。

13.某人愿意用20元买了一件衬衫,愿意出35元买两件衬衫,愿意出45元买三件衬衫。那么由此可以第三件衬衫的边际效用是( )

A.100 B.25 C.10 D.15 答案:C 提示:45-35=10

14.消费者均衡是研究消费者在既定收入条件下,如何实现( )