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Key to exercises: I. Vocabulary

A．Look up the following words and phrases．Select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which each appears．

1．the state of being human

2．harmless or trivial lie，esp．one told in order to avoid hurting sb．

3．person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group 4．to defeat

5．stating sth．as truth firmly and forcefully 6．to make the greatest possible effort 7．mistaken 8．lack of

9．rallying call

Ⅳ．Questions on Appreciation A．Organization

1．Dr．King begins his speech by raising the question“Where are we now?”，which is naturally and logically connected with the question under discussion“Where do we go from here?”，for it is necessary to find out their present situation before talking about their future direction and policy． 2．Para 3 serves as a paragraph of transition．The first sentence“This is where we are．\the first two paragraphs, linking this paragraph with the previous ones．The second sentence, on this basis，raises the question“Where do we go from here?\“first” begins to answer the question．The paragraph is well organized and ideas develop logically． 3．The speaker moves to the second task by making a logical link with the first task，with the first one as “not easy\and the second as“another basic challenge”．both implying considerable degrees of difficulty．And the use of“another”indicates addition to the listing of the first． 4. The speaker brings up the last task of restructuring the whole American society by asking questions about the problems in the country．He concludes the triple evils of the society which have triggered the other problems．By retelling an analogous Bible story，he points out the only way out for the American societ y is to be born again．

5．Para 26 plays the role of a transitional paragraph．As a follow-up of the previous paragraph about the future expectation and direction，the speaker points out that there may be unavoidable setbacks and frustrations in their struggle against discrimination and persecution．Nevertheless，this arouses even firmer determination and more optimistic revolutionary spirit of the speaker，and so leads to the concluding remark of“We shall overcome”．

6．Dr．King ends his speech by borrowing a civil rights song“We Shall Overcome”, as the past tense and the perfect tense show the speaker's optimism and confidence．However，this optimism is not strong．By then，with the split within the rank of the Civil Rights Movement and the suppression of riots in the“long hot Summers”starting from 1965，Dr．King was less optimistic than he had been in 1963 when he delivered his famous“I Have A Dream”speech．

B．Antithesis is the setting of contrasting phrases opposite each other for emphasis．In this speech, the speaker uses a number of antitheses．Pick out 4 examples and comment on them． 1．As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free．(mind vs．body：enslaved vs．free) 2．Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem，is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery．(psychological freedom vs．physical slavery)

3．Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin．(on the basis of the content of their character vs．on the basis of the color of their skin) 4．There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair．(huoyancy of hope vs．fatigue of despair) C．A number of rhetorical devices are used in Paragraph 25．Point out three devices and give examples．

1．Metaphor：1)have a high blood pressure of creeds(be emotional and enthusiastic in expressing their beliefs) and an anemia of deeds (inactive in taking actions); 2)the battering rams of the forces of justice (the forces of justice are like the battering rams that can be used to knock down the walls that separate people) 2．Transferred epithet：tragic walls(The adjective“tragic”should rightfully go with separation, as the separation is tragic)

3．Synecdoche：city hall, using part(a building) to refer to the whole (the municipal government) Key to Explanation

V. Explain the following in your own words，bringing out any implied meanings

1．It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans，the same as any other people．

2．If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists，if you really respect yourself，thinking that you are a Man，equal to anyone else，you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination．

3．The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself／herself．Only when he／she is fully convinced that he／she is a Man／Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he／she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free．

4．Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power．

5．At that time，the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was)．

6．A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong．

7．This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done.

because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed．

8．?when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with．

9．Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God．Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven． 10．Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination． Key to Translation

1．一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。

2．为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。 3．黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。

4．必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权利的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。

5．正是这种邪恶的权力和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。

6．在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和遣责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。 7．事实上，人们从事改善人类处境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想 的工作并不是为了谋生。

8．??它能够花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。

9．除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不和他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者 说几乎没有成功的。

10．我们要懂得道义的苍穹长又长，但它终将落向正义。