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Section Ⅲ Grammar——及物动词与不及物动词

语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 ①Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards. ②Many different people contributed to the development of TV. ③I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down. ④On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as a gift. ⑤The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA. 后自主感悟 1.以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有例句③④⑤，属于不及物动词的有例句①②。 2.由例句④可以看出，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语＋宾语补足语。 3.由例句⑤可以看出，及物动词能用于被动语态。 4.由例句②可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，需加介词。

英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，把动词分成及物动词(transitive verb)与不及物动词(intransitive verb)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词。

一、及物动词

及物动词后的宾语通常为名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句。可以用于下列结构中： 1．主语＋谓语＋宾语

He reached Paris the day before yesterday.(名词) 他前天到达巴黎。

I found something interesting in the newspaper.(代词) 我在报纸上发现了一些有趣的事情。

They are practising singing the new song.(动名词) 他们正在练习唱那首新歌。

How did you manage to finish it so soon? (不定式) 你怎么这么快就完成了？

I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.(宾语从句) 我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

[名师点津]

(1)下列及物动词只能用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式：admit(承认)，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider(考虑)，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，fancy(想象)，finish，forgive，imagine，keep(继续)，mind，miss(想念)，postpone(推迟)，practise，prevent，recall(回忆)，resist，risk，stand(忍受)，suggest(建议)等。

(2)下列及物动词只能用不定式作宾语，而不用动名词：afford，arrange，ask，choose，determine，expect，hesitate，hope，long(渴望)，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，threat，wish等。

(3)下列及物动词既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语，但意义不同：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事；remember to do sth.记得要做某事，remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事；try to do sth.努力做某事，try doing sth.尝试着做某事；mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事。

[即时训练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①Don't forget to send (send) my regards to your parents! ②Don't hesitate any more.Why not try walking (walk) this way? ③I still remember being taken (take) to Beijing for the first time. 2．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

直接宾语是动词的直接作用对象，通常指事物，间接宾语是事物接受者，通常是人。直接宾语和间接宾语合起来称为“双宾语”。

Please hand me the book over there.(me是hand的间接宾语，the book是直接宾语) 请把那儿的那本书递给我。

当间接宾语位于直接宾语后面时，常在前面加介词to，有时用for。由to引出间接宾语的动词有give，show，pass，lend，take，tell，send，write等；由for引出间接宾语的动词有buy，make，cook，get，sing，read等。

I sent an email to my American teacher. 我给我的美国老师发了一封电子邮件。 He bought a present for my daughter. 他给我的女儿买了一份礼物。 [即时训练2] 句型转换

①I wrote him a letter yesterday. →I wrote a letter to him yesterday. ②My classmate drew me a horse yesterday.

→My classmate drew a horse for me yesterday. ③He cooked lunch for me. →He cooked me lunch．

3．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语

有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需要接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或过去分词担任。

This concert made her a popular singer overnight.(名词作宾语补足语) 这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱的歌手。

Satellites make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.(形容词作宾语补足语)

卫星使得远离城市的人们也能接收电视节目。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.(现在分词作宾语补足语) 不好意思让你等这么久。 [即时训练3] 完成句子

①They asked us to go fishing with them. 他们要我们和他们一起去钓鱼。

②Don't always keep the children indoors． 不要老是让孩子们待在室内。 4．及物动词的语态

大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态，但有些及物动词，如have，lack，suit，fit等不能用于被动语态。

The railway had been built by the end of last year. 这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。 The blue skirt suits you very well. 这条蓝裙子很适合你。 [名师点津]

后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词在变为被动语态时，要加上to。 We often hear the girl sing the song. →The girl is often heard to sing the song. 我们经常听见这个女孩唱这首歌。 [即时训练4] 将下列句子改为被动语态 ①Someone saw a bird fly into the window. →A bird was seen to fly into the window.