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练习册：We may regard “if only” as indicating the past and “next time” the future, we all know the most important time is “now”, as past things could not be changed and future is based on “now”.

I. 1. The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his. (famous and respected within a particular profession)

2. Refer to para. 1. To him, the session was just like “a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person—not only changed, but changed for the better.”

3. The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were “if only.” What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying “if only” would not change anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wring way—backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them. (See para. 15) 4. Shift the focus; substitute “next time” for “if only”

5. They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.

6. It is instructive and inspirational.

II. 1. The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.

2. At last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.

3. The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.

4. Eventually, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.

5. …you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.

6. The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we?d got here ten seconds earlier, we?d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I?ll run faster”.

III. 1. The whole plan fell through for want of fund.

2. Newton is acknowledged as one of the world?s most eminent scientists. 3. He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy.

4. The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.

5. The young clerk from the commercial bank

LANGUAGE WORK

I. 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D

III. 1. predominantly, prevailing 2. preferential 3. tremulous 4. inadvisable, shrinkage 5. sensitive, terrorism/terror

6. magnifying 7. unapproachable, fictitious 8. unbecoming/becoming 9. unaccountable 10. disorientation 11. persuasion, entreaties 12. irremediable

IV. 1. blame 2. reproached 3. blamed/reproached 4. reproached

5. rebuke/reprimand 6. reprimanded 7. rebuke/scold/reprimand 8. reprimanded 9. reprimanded 10. scolded 11. reproach 12. scolded

V. 1. on 2. In 3. over 4. in 5. from 6. beneath 7. with 8. in 9. of 10. Since 11. to 12. in 13. with 14. with 15. between 16. with 17. to 18. In 19. on 20. In 21. to 22. on 23. in 24. like

VI. 1. ash 2. outbreaks 3. interval 4. eruption 5. volcanologist 6. which 7. lava 8. cone 9. flood 10. under 11. crater 12. began 13. cauliflower 14. like 15. and

Unit Two

TEXT I

THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF

未修订前的练习答案：

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

“Never put off till tomorrow,” 1exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, “what you can do today.”? That the elegant earl never 2got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping 3worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom 4attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was 5dubbed “Cunctator” (Delayer) for putting off battle 6

until the last possible vinum break. Moses 7pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form.

There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an 8ungodly 6: 30 p.m. The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and 9file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the 10apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, 11as Faustian encounters) visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor. Yet 12for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. From Cunctator’ s day until this century, the art of postponement had been 13virtually a monopoly of the military (“Hurry up and wait”), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably 14ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling” in hand. 15Blessedly, he had no flattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops.

Even 16where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly 17in the higher echelons of business.

The data explosion 18fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction — another report to be read, another authority to be consulted.

His point is well 19taken. 20Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal --- and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. Many languages are 21studded with phrases that refer to putting things off ---from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish.

There are all sorts of 22rationalizations: the pressure of teaching responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote.”

To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Fagan, however; procrastination may be a kind of 23subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial.

It is something of 24a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, 25for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or 26an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough?s architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can 27mellow and marinate.

In other words, 28pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don?t necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow. I. Paraphrase

1. exhorted: urged strongly 2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for 3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting

4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves 5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed \6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensured

7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for 8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable 9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially 10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction 11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils 12.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of 13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of

14.to ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly 15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy 16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so. 17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels 18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing 19.His point is will taken: accepted 20.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration 21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled 22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons 23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness 24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth 25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned 26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish 27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature