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【解析】考查定语从句。去掉to。You need是定语从句,need缺少宾语,所以应选择that或which或不填。 三、 语篇型
语篇的测试包括:上下文中的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词是否一致;上下文中的逻辑是否一致;上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
【例7】I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully.
【解析】考查代词的格。me改为I。 这是一个倒装句,作主语,应用主格。 【例8】My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.
【解析】考查小品词的遗漏。wanted后加 to。want to do sth.为固定用法。 【例9】My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. Then
【解析】考查动词的时态。are改为 were。时间状语为the other day(不久前某一天;几天以前),所以应该用一般过去时。
【例10】Without a moment’s delay, his neighhor pricked up the box but announced:“I ‘ll take them. ”
【解析】考查逻辑连词。but改为and,很显然,拿起来和宣布说“我买了”是并列、承接关系,所以要用并列连词and。 【做题指导】
短文改错一直是学生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如:写作中用到的关键词,语言学习中的负迁移现象,容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧: 一、 谨记答题原则
(1)“规范性”原则:要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。
(2)“四不改”原则:①单词拼写不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)。④标点符号不改。
(3)“五改动”原则:①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)。②一对一原
则(一错一词)。③错误以改动最少为原则。④虚词以添加或者删除为原则。⑤实词以改变形式为原则。 二、 规律常见错误
常见错误(1)“不一致性”错误
主要包括:主、谓语不一致;时态不一致;语态不一致;名词的单、复数不一致;代词指代不一致;搭配不一致等。
【例1】My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. 【解析】考查时态一致。have改为had。上下文时态要一致,原文的主时态是过去式,因此have也要用相应的过去时态。
【例2】Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift to show my best whishes to him.
【解析】考查代词的指代一致。him 改为her。根据语境可知,后文的him其实是指her。
【例3】……in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest if us thought about her like the rest of my classmate 【解析】考查名词的单、复数一致。Classmate改为classmates。
【例4】…….he will say some words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes him happily too.
【解析】考查主、谓语一致。Is改为are。that代指先行词words,所以谓语动词要用复数。
常见错误(2)“行文逻辑”错误
这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑,考查连接手段。谨记两种句式:并列句(并列连词),复合句(从属连词);六种关系:转折关系,选择关系,层递关系,并列关系,因果关系,同位关系;一种变化:语义的曲折变化。如:肯定与否定,方位与时空的转移等。
【例5】After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me(I).” said 【解析】考查行文逻辑。So 改为But。根据前后语境,此处应表示转折关系。
【例6】Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there. 【解析】考查行文逻辑。Besides 改为But。根据前后语境,此处应表示转折关系而非递进关系。
【例7】So I helped them going to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hour(s)…
【解析】考查行文逻辑。here改为there。根据前后语境可知,这里的方位应是“那儿”。
常见错误(3)“平行结构”错误
平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配,形容词与形容词相配,分词与分词相配,不定式与不定式相配,短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and,but,or或连词词组not only…but also…,not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor…,as well as等。
【例8】 As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told storied.
【解析】考查平行谓语结构。Visiting改为visited。根据句法,visiting在时态上应和fed, told保持一致。
【例9】Do some nice things for your parents…like cooking, doing the dishing, or clean the floors.
【解析】考查平行宾语结构。Clean改为cleaning。根据句法,clean和cooking, doing一样做介词like的宾语。
【例10】Charles and Linda Mason do all their things as well as climbed building.
【解析】考查平行谓语结构。Climbed改为climb。Clinbed 和do是由As well as连接的平行谓语,时态上应保持一致。
【例11】On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.
【解析】考查平行不定式结构。Buy前加to。根据句法,buy应和to pay gardeners保持一致。
常见错误(4)“词性、词形”错误
主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。
【例12】 And after many attempts, she past her driving test and told her husband that,to release, he was going to….
【解析】考查“词形”错误。Past改为passed。两个词发音上一样,此处做谓语应用passed。
【例13】 “…but I still couldn’t get used to it-in fact, I’ve nearly killed three peoples。”
【解析】考查“词形”错误。Peoples改为people。People是集合名词,本身表示复数意义,不需加“s”。
【例14】…she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater ,although in the summer .she was ,in fact, rather attractively,…
【解析】考查“词性”错误。Attractively改为attractive。做表语,用形容词。 常见错误(5)“动词的变化”错误
主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。
【例15】 “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。此时是主谓关系,故用putting。
【例16】I notice(d) Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。occupy改为occupied。此处是分词短语作后置定语,occupy 与table是被动关系,故应用过去分词。
【例17】After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice