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浅析英汉道歉语及其道歉策略的选择

摘要

道歉是言语交际中的一种言语行为。生活中我们通常会因为不同的原因，以不同的方式向别人道歉或是接受别人的道歉。然而，一提起“道歉”,人们可能会简单地将之理解为“对不起”“请原谅”等言语行为。道歉言语行为通常发生在当说话者（Speaker）有意或无意中冒犯了听话者（Hearer）时而采取的一种旨在恢复两者之间以往特定关系的行为。当一个人在社会团体中违背了社会规范或冒犯了他人时,他作出道歉行为,就可以维护此人的人际和谐关系,恢复其社会地位,树立良好的个人形象。文章旨在研究分析英汉道歉语及其对道歉策略的选择的差异，通过阐述道歉的研究现状及其定义、道歉的种类、道歉策略及其制约因素，对中英道歉策略的选择进行比较，最后从其文化价值体现分析中国和英语国家道歉言语行为的差异。研究表明，由于英汉文化不同、交际方式和价值取向的不同，从而导致在道歉策略的选择上也有所不同。

关键词：道歉；种类；社会因素；影响；道歉策略； Abstract

The apology is one kind of speech act in the spoken language communication. In our daily life we may usually apologize to others in different ways or accept others’ apologies for different

reasons. However, as far as \may refer it to the expressions such as \and so on.. The speech act of the apology is one kind of behavior which usually occurs when the speaker intentionally or accidentally offends the hearer, for the purpose of restoring the former specific relation. When a person has violated the social norm or affronted others in the social group, if he makes apology, he can maintain the interpersonal harmonious relations, restore his social position, and set up the good individual image. This article analyzes the apologies and the differences in the selection of the apology strategies between English and Chinese. The article elaborates the present research situation and the apology’s definitions, the types of the apologies, the apology strategies and its restricted factors, carries on the comparison of the selection of apology strategies between the Chinese and English, and explores the difference in the speech act of the apology between China and the English-speaking country from the characteristic aspect. The result suggests that the different cultures, the different ways of communication and value trend between English and Chinese lead to the differences in the selection of the apology strategies.

Key words: Apology; types; social factors; influence; apology