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Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 — Pre-reading

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BODY LANGUAGE SPEAKS FOR ITSELF

If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on？ You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well, maybe passing an exam or winning a race. You would know what was going on because you understood the message conveyed by the father's body language. Across the world, a pat on the back and a smile usually means，“Well done”．

Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to — and sometimes even replace — spoken language. Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.

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①pat/p?t/vt. & n．轻拍；拍

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 pat sb. on the back 拍某人的背

if 引导条件状语从句，主句中would you think 是插入语。 ②congratulate/k?n'ɡr?t??leIt/vt.祝贺

congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做)某事

③conveyed by ... 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the message。

④that consists of ... spoken language 是that 引导的定语从句，修饰language。在这个定语从句中又包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰gestures, facial expressions and body movements。两个that 均在各自的定语从句中充当主语。

⑤be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于做 ⑥communicate ... to ... 表达，传达 communicate ... with ... 与……交流/沟通

⑦differ from 与……不同 be different from 与……不同 ⑧explicit/Ik'splIsIt/adj.明确的；清楚的

⑩

?⑧

⑨

⑦

④

⑤

⑥

③

①

②

as 引导原因状语从句。

⑨while是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，意为“而，却”，在语意上表示转折。 ⑩eyebrow/'aIbra?/n.眉毛

?conveying doubt 为现在分词短语作后置定语。

肢体语言亦可传情达意 [第1～2段译文] 如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？你可能会认为父亲在祝贺他的儿子某事做得好，也许是通过考试或者是赢得比赛。你知道发生的事情是因为你明白父亲的肢体语言所表达的信息。在全世界，拍背部和微笑通常都意味着“做得好”。 肢体语言每天都被全世界不同国家的人使用。这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和肢体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了——有时甚至取代了——口头语言。肢体语言就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流各种态度和喜怒等感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，它不总是明确清楚的。某人高兴地跳跃是容易看到的，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却更容易被人忽略。 People often use body language on purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, meaning“I don't know”. However, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have a tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make people's feelings more transparent as although we can lie with 21. words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies○

?on purpose/'p??p?s/故意地

?本段中三个who引导的从句均是定语从句。 to a question 是answer的定语。 ?upwards/'?pw?dz/adv.向上地 ?upper/'?p?/adj.上面的

?unconscious/?n'k?n??s/adj.无意的；不知不觉的 ?rigid/'rId?Id/adj.僵硬的

in a(n) ... manner ＝ in a(n) ... way 以……方式 ?tight/taIt/adj.绷紧的 ?resemble/rI'zemb

l/vt.像；与……相似

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

??transparent/tr?n'sp?r?nt/adj.清晰易辨的；透明的

21as 引导原因状语从句，该从句中又含有一个由although引导的让步状语从句。 ○

[第3段译文] 人们经常有意识地使用肢体语言。不知道问题答案的人会将肩膀向上抬起，然后再放下，表示“我不知道”。然而，肢体语言也可以是无意识的。一个感到不舒服或紧张的人经常会使身体处于非常僵硬的状态，嘴巴绷紧。他们也可能交叉手臂，走起路来像机器人一样笨拙，而不是像人。他们也许甚至意识不到自己的行为方式，但是他们的肢体语言将会把他们的感觉告诉任何喜欢仔细观察的人。因此肢体语言可以让人们的感觉更加外露，尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体并不那么容易。 22 can Learning to be aware of your body language○be a very useful tool. For example, in a job interview, you will probably be feeling nervous but you won't want to appear 3 unrest24. You will want to appear calm with as much dignity○25 to be in a state of2○○6 by uncrossing your arms, you will look more confident. as possible. Merely2○

27 a common spoken Body language can be very useful when people do not share○

language. For example, in foreign countries, it is very easy to purchase something 8. On the other hand○29， you can simply by smiling and pointing at what you want2○0 the also easily show what you don't like by shaking your head. You can negotiate3○31 price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline○2 and the shapes of things you want — although this can cause confusion3○a few laughs 22be/become aware of 知道，了解，意识到 too！,○

Learning to be aware of your body language 是动名词短语作主语。 23in a state of 处于……状态 ○

24unrest/?n'rest/n.不安 ○

25with dignity 优雅地 ○

26merely/'mI?li/adv.只；仅仅 ○

27share vt.分享 ○

28purchase/'p??t?○Is/vt.购买 simply 修饰后面的by短语。

it 为形式主语， 不定式短语to purchase ... 为真正的主语；what you want 为what引导的宾语从句。

29on the other hand 另一方面 ○

30negotiate/nI'ɡ???○ieIt/vt.协商；谈判 negotiate with sb.与某人谈判 31outline/'a?tlaIn/vt.勾出轮廓 ○