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高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——动词用法与辨析
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it. A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to
【陷阱】容易误选B,认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。
【分析】事实上,正确答案为A.advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词 for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:
advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物) advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)
People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。
The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。 再比较以下用例: advertise jobs 登广告招人 advertise for jobs 登广告求职
2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul. A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on
【陷阱】容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的“为”译为 for.
【分析】答案选A,serve 意为“为……服务”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for.请看以下类似例子:
(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in. A. rang B. rang to C. rang with D. rang to
答案选A,ring 可以用作及物动词,表示“给……打电话”,故其后不用介词。 (2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin. A. marry B. marry to C. marry with D. marry for
答案选A,marry 可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思“与……结婚”,而不仅仅是“结婚”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词 to, with 等。 (3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green? A. contactB. contact with C. contact toD. contact for
答案选A,contact 为及物动词,表示“与……联系”,其后不接介词。 3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations. A. read B. watch C. notice D. look at
【陷阱】容易误选A.因为按照英语一般习惯:看书看报用动词 read,看电视用动词watch,看电影用动词see,看比赛用动词watch,看黑板用动词look at,等等。
【分析】一般说来,汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思,一是指阅读性地看书,即看书=读书,此时通常用动词read;另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书,而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等,此时通常都不宜用动词read,而应根据情况选用其他动词(如 look at)。又如:
Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。
Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。 4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go?”
A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C.不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;不能选B是因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中,to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比
如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我,他去”,而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C,是因为 allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合。
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
A. disagreed B. refused C. agreed D. hoped
【陷阱】容易误选A,根据 agree to do sth(同意做某事),想当然地类推出 disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事)。
【分析】事实上,语言有很多问题是不能类推的,如上面这一例,英语可说 agree to do sth,但习惯上却不说 disagree to do sth.类似地,英语中可说 like doing [to do] sth,但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike doing sth,却不说dislike to do sth.其实上面一题的最佳答案是B,refuse to do sth 意为“拒绝做某事”或“不愿做某事”。 6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike. A. speakB. say C. talkD. mention
【陷阱】很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车,更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B.
【分析】其实最佳答案为D.因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语,但其含义区别甚大:
not to mention=更不用说,此外还有 not to say=虽不能说,即使不能说
It is warm, not to say hot. 天气虽说不上热,但也够暖了。
He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗鲁,至少也是没有礼貌。
There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙,还不算小孩。
They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他们有三只狗要照顾,更别提那只猫和鸟了。
7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.” A. hope B. suggest