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阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）

七选五+语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2017·山东费县二中月考)

Scientists have been interested for years in the observation that ratios(比率) of finger lengths differ in men and women.In men，the ring (fourth) finger is usually longer than the index (second); their so-called 2D：4D ratio is lower than 1.In females，the two fingers are more likely to be the same length.Because of this sex differences，some scientists believe that a low ratio could be a marker for higher prenatal hormone(产前激素) levels，although it’s not clear how the hormone might influence finger development.The 2D：4D ratio has also been fingered in connection with brain-related characteristics—most often in males—such as depression，left-handedness，musical ability，and homosexuality.

In the latest such study，psychologist Mark Brosnan and colleagues at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom photocopied the hands of 74 boys and girls aged 6 and 7.They compared the measurements of the second and fourth fingers with the children’s scores on a standard UK test of math and literacy.In boys，the lower the ratio，the better their math score，the team reports in the May issue of the British

Journal of Psychology.The boys with the lowest ratios also were the ones whose

abilities were most skewed in the direction of math rather than literacy.These differences are small but significant，says Brosnan.With the girls，there was no correlation between finger ration and numeracy，but those with higher ratios—probably indicating low hormone levels—had better scores on verbal abilities.

These sex-specific correlations show how tricky it is to define the roles of sex hormones，says psychologist S.Marc Breedlove of Michigan State University in East Lansing.The range of normal levels of the hormone is different in males and females，so comparable levels would have very different meanings depending on the sex of the individual.And the timing of hormone surges is as important as levels.

Nevertheless，Brosnan believes finger measurements might be useful for predicting cognitive abilities—although he acknowledges that “we are not suggesting that finger length measurements could replace SAT tests”.Others are more

cautious，pointing out that scientists still have not confirmed that finger ratio is a reliable marker for prenatal hormone levels. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A.Scientists never show interest in people’s fingers. B.Many women have different kinds of fingers.

C.In males，the ring finger may equal the index in length. D.In females，the ring finger may equal the index in length. 2.What is the author’s attitude to Brosnan’s research? A.Supportive. C.Neutral.

B.Positive. D.Indifferent.

3.We can infer from the passage that .

A.in girls，the higher the ratio，the better their maths scores B.finger length contributes to people’s academic abilities C.it is easy to give a definition of the roles of sex hormones D.Brosnan is serious about his research 4.What’s the main idea of this passage? A.Finger ratio is critical to people’s future. B.Finger length measurements may be useful. C.Finger length is related to children’s scores. D.Finger ratio is a reliable maker for hormone levels.

B

(2018·河南八市测评)

The world’s population is projected to reach 11 billion by the end of the century.

Feeding that many people will be a challenge，and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture.That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.

About 2 billion people already eat bugs.Mexicans enjoy chilly-toasted grasshoppers.Thais tuck into cricket stir-fries and Ghanaians snack on termites.Insects are slowly creeping on to Western menus as novelty items，but most people remain squeamish(拘谨的).

Yet there are three reasons why eating insects makes sense.

First，they are healthier than meat.There are nearly 2,000 kinds of edible

insects，many of them packed with protein，calcium，fiber，iron and zinc.A small serving of grasshoppers can contain about the same amount of protein as a similar sized serving of beef，but has far less fat and far fewer calories.

Second，raising insects is cheap，or free.Little technology or investment is needed to produce them.Harvesting insects could provide livelihoods to some of the world’s poorest people.

Finally，insects are a far more sustainable source of food than livestock.Livestock production accounts for nearly a fifth of all greenhouse-gas emissions，that’s more than transport.By contrast，insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water.And they eat almost anything.

Despite all this，most Westerners find insects hard to swallow.

One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces.Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable. 5.What is the direct reason why some people advocate eating insects? A.Insufficient food supply. B.Climate change.

C.The rapid increase of population. D.Insects’ high nutrition.

6.From the passage，we can infer that . A.eating insects is healthier than eating beef B.eating insects is popular among Westerners C.eating insects can help people lose weight

D.eating insects causes less damage to the environment 7.How can we make it more acceptable to eat insects? A.By closing your eyes when eating insects. B.By eating insects together with other food.

C.By putting insects’ nutrients into other food products. D.By considering the environmental benefits of eating insects. Ⅱ.七选五

(2018·广东华南师范大学附中月考)

Thanks to expensive data fees，you might be tempted to log onto that free public Wi-Fi service while you’re out and about. 8

“Think about the cost of being connected all the time.Nothing is free，” David Lee，a product manager for Norton，told CNBC.“ 9 ” The Harvard Business Review agrees：“You’re taking a risk every time you log on to a free network in a coffee shop，hotel lobby，or airport lounge.”

10 According to a survey by the company Symantic,87 percent of U.S.consumers have used a public Internet connection.And it was found that over 70 percent of them checked their personal email through public Wi-Fi，while 11 percent logged onto their online banking account.

No matter how safe the Wi-Fi connection seems to be，using it leaves your computer or smart phone easy to be attacked by hackers and data thieves.You don’t really know who owns and monitors that router，nor who has access to the data that passes through it.Not to mention，hackers have dozens of ways to compromise public Wi-Fi accounts，from creating a network that appears legal to creating pop-ups that trick the user into downloading malware(恶意软件) onto their computers. 11

To protect yourself against hackers，experts say your best defense is a virtual private network (VPN)，which encrypts(加密) your online activity.You can download your very own VPN through an app for Apple or Android devices，or by using the free encryption service CyberGhost. 12 But before you even start browsing，use this website to make a password that keeps you safe from hackers.

A.These are all of the tricks hackers use to hack your Internet security. B.That can save you a lot of trouble.

C.The biggest threat is that your data and identity could be completely exposed. D.Don’t let convenience outweigh the consequences，though.

E.Setting up firewalls and antivirus software will also defend your computer against hackers.

F.Unfortunately，most people are unaware of the dangers. G Hackers usually steal data in this way. Ⅲ.语法填空

(2018·河南漯河高级中学模拟)

Over and over again I meet babies desperately 13. (try) to “read” a magazine with fingers.I am constantly shocked：How can these parents stay at ease when their kids 14. (harm) so much from technology？How on earth can they not know what a magazine is in other ways?

Researchers from Canada looked at this.The results were not good，especially for