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初中英语倒装句

英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。以下就分别讲述这两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句，不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话，我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。 一、部分倒装

就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况： (一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他

Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened. Only in this way can you make progress in your English. Only through education can we rise in the world. 注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。

1. Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.

A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 2．Among all the people, only you know the truth. (二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until，no sooner (…than)， hardly (…when)， rarely， scarcely，in no way等。

We seldom get up at four in the morning.

= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.

(1) hardly…when；scarcely…when…；no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。

& The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.

& No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.

(2) not only… but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。

Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

Not only is he busy，but also I have a lot of work to do.

Not only does he speak English very well，but also he speaks French well. 典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

(三).在so…that, such…that句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。

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So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

1．So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.

A. I've felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel (四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。

If I were you， I would take the job. = Were I you，I would take the job.

例题：________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。 I like reading English, so does he.

(六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 If you won't go, neither will I. 典型例题

---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思\也不关心\，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 \的确如此\。 典型例题：

1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know 答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don't know, ___.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示 \也不\。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。 注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。

Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. Child as he is, he knows a lot.

&．________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much

(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。

&．________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late

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C. However is he late D. However late he is

注意：always \\ often \\ particularly \\ many times \\ many a time放在句首时，句子进行部分倒装。

Always am I amazed when I hear people saying that computers can replace teachers.

二、全部倒装

就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：

(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。 There goes the bell. Look! Here they come.

这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。 Here it is. Away he went. Here we go

这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys.

(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。 Under the table are three white cats. In front of the tower flews a stream.

10．Under a big tree ________, half asleep.

A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man (三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。

在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river.

There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.

Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. (四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为\表语+系动词+主语\。 (1)形容词+系动词+主语

Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. (2)过去分词+系动词+主语

Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.

Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil. (3)介词短语+系动词+主语

In front of the playground is a newly-built house.

(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。

They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.