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Summary Writing

常见的同义替换： 1. 动词(词组)：

absorb->assimilate 吸收

agree partly->agree with reserve 有保留地赞同 arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓励 change->alter 改变

consider->take into account 考虑

devote to->dedicate to 把……奉献于；专注于 emphasize->accentuate 强调 expect->anticipate 期望；预期

explain->interpret/illustrate 解释；说明

get into chaos->with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱 join->participate 参加；参与

lead to->contribute to/ conduce to/result in 导致；产生…… 结果 limit->stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻碍 operate->manipulate 操作；操纵 provide->lend->offer 提供；给予 publicize->propagandize 宣传；公布 sway->vacillate 影响；摇摆，使摇摆

think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考虑；想起 thrive->palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.) undermine->debilitate 破坏；使衰弱，衰竭 use->employ/utilize 使用；利用

want->intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；倾向于 want to->desire 想要

2. 形容词/副词：

first->primarily 首先(ad.)

hardly->merely->barely 几乎不(ad.) hurt->vulnerable 受伤 ；易受攻击

inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少 in fact->actually/virtually 事实上；实际上(ad.) key->crucial/vital/consequential 关键 ；重要

large->miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思议 (表程度) maybe->probably 也许；大概(ad.)

more and more->increasing/growing 越来越多 obvious->conspicuous 明显 ；显著 old->ancient 老 ；古老

proper->apposite 适当 ；合适

persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有说服力 true->accurate 正确 ；准确

vague->unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊

well-known->outstanding 著名 more often than not = often

He more often than not comes here.

3. 名词(词组)：

bias->prejudice/discriminate 偏见；歧视 big city->metropolis 大都市 chance->alternative 机会；选择

character->trait/individuality/personality 品质；特性；个性 child->juvenile 孩子；青少年 clash->conflict/collision冲突

custom->convention/tradition 传统；习俗 delegate->representative 代表 detail->specific 细节

lawmaking->legislation 立法

offspring->descendant 后代；子孙 value->merit 价值 附：

1. purchasing power of incomes

Maximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes 2. property = real estate 3. precision = accuracy

4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation 5. reasoning = logical thought =thought 6. popular culture= common culture 7. cultural power= assimilating power 10. judge = Justice （必考含义）“法官” 11. apprehension （必考含义） = worry apprehensiveability 理解能力 12. mind = people= individual 13. faith=confidence 信心 14. drug= medicine

15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize

16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore the market = expand the market 18. entail =make= cause

19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate cognitive/intuitive made/born

20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质 21. complementary=auxiliary

22. suits = enable = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.） 24. mechanical = unchanged

mechanical learning

Dynamic=changeable=variable；vary Modify=change

25. distinction= fame

26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference； carry important implications for（短语动词） 27. accumulation = expansion = augmentation 28.literally = actually=absolutely 29. initiatives=measures Initiatives =intention Initiative =active

Initiative=primitive=beginning 30.endeavors=efforts

31.Doubt= deny= don‘t believe 33. 经济下滑，衰退

slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic decline /economic stagnation （stagnant）/depression/slowdown 34.symptoms =negative example 35.frames = body

36.grasp = understanding 37.reshape= remold

38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.

4. 其他：

although->albeit/notwithstanding 尽管(conj.) because->in that->since->seeing 因为(conj.)

but->nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.) through->in term of/via 通过(prep.)

to sum->to summarize/in conclusion 总之；最后

表示“地位” ：status, rank

表示“偏见” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality

表示“组成” 同义表达：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of 表示“导致” ：result in, cause, lead to

表示“发行”：issue, release, distribute, launch 表示“授予” ：grant, award

表示“结果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to 表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction 表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power

表示“结束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete 表示“语言” ：verbally, language, words, lingual 表示“精确” ：accuracy, precision

表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to

表示“加强，促进” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce 表示“前景，未来”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook 表示“顾客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest