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延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴ for+一段时间, 如 ：for 2 years; ⑵ since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days.

二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

例:He died 5 years ago.

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

例： He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. 这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词 改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词： arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in) begin(start) → be on die → be dead

come here（back）→be here（back） leave → be away (from)

fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→ be up

go/ get out（there）→ be out（there） finish → be over

put on → wear 或be on

open → be open（keep sth open）

join → be in或 be a member of…+组织机构close → be closed

go to school → be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have

catch(a cold) → have(a cold) get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish/end → be over come to → be in sit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be