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Book 7 Unit 5 Grammar导学案

不定式（ the Infinitive）的用法

【使用说明与学法指导】

自主学习，研究例句，归纳比较，总结规律，并强化记忆。不懂之处，留 待课堂探究。 【学习目标】

识记动词不定式的基本用法，并熟练运用。

I. 判断下列不定式在句子中充当的成分。 （ ）1. To see is to believe.

（ ）2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have

access to all public buildings.

（ ）3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry. （ ）4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. （ ）5. A big company has decided to buy it from me. （ ）6. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. （ ）7. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.

（ ）8. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. Conclusion: 不定式由“ to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。不定式在句中可作_____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____。

Ⅱ. 不定式在句子中的成分

1. 不定式在句子中做主语 (1) To act like that is childish. (2) It is not easy to learn English well.

(3) It calls for a great deal of memory work to master a foreign language.

Conclusion：为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象, 常用 做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置。

2. 不定式在句子中宾语

A. (1) She intends to talk about the matter. (2) He hopes to find a job soon.

Conclusion：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：_______________________ .

B. (1) I was allowed to continue _____________ (use) the library. (2) When did you begin _____________(learn) English?

Conclusion：begin, start, continue后既可接________又可接________作宾语，意义上无根本区别。

C. (1) 请接着做同一个练习。

Please go on _________ (do) the same exercise． (2) 请做另外一个练习。

Please go on __________(do) the other exercise．

Conclusion：go on后既可接 ，也可以接 , 但意义不同；有类似用

法的动词有： .

D. (1) Have you decided what to do next?

(2) I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it. (3) I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.

Conclusion：动词learn, decide, know, determine, ask 等常跟“ +不定式（短语）”作宾语。

E. (1) I find it difficult to work with him.

(2) He makes it a rule to read newspaper for an hour before breakfast every day.

Conclusion：feel, find, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果接不定式做宾语，并且有形容词作宾语补足语 (有时也可是名词)，常用 作形式宾语，把不定式后移。

F. (1) We had no alternative but to fire him.

(2) Peter is not going anywhere except to work.

Conclusion：介词 和 后也可以跟不定式做宾语。

3. 不定式在句子做表语

(1) My work is to clean the room every day. (2) His dream is to be a doctor.

Conclusion：不定式做表语常常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”。

4. 不定式在句子中做定语 (1) I have a lot of work to do.

(2) She is the first student to come to school.

Conclusion：不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词的 。

5. 不定式在句子中做宾语补足语

A. (1) Father will not allow us to play on the street. (2) Mr. Smith encouraged us to stick to the plan.

Conclusion：在下列动词后，常接动词不定式做宾语补足语：

.

B. (1) The policeman saw a child play in the street.

(2) The teacher made the students do all the cleaning work for their parents at weekend.

(3) We noticed a stranger our dorm. (enter)

Conclusion：在下列动词后，常接 做宾语补足语：let, have, make, hear, see, observe, feel, watch, notice 等.

注意：一旦将这类句子中的宾语改成主语，或者说，变为被动语态，此时的“宾语补语”就成为“主语补语”了，故不定式符号 to 不可省略。 (1) A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.

(2) The students were made to do all the cleaning work for their parents at weekend. (3) A stranger was noticed our dorm. (enter)