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42. The Gift of the Magi III. Make multiple choice?

1. ABCD 2. ABCD 3. ABC 4. A

5. ABCDE 6. ABCDE 7. C

8. ABCDE 9. D

10. ABCD 11. ABCDE 12. B

13. ABCDE 14. ABCDE 15. E

16. ABCD 17. C 18. A 19. ABD 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. ABC 24. ABCD 25. B 26. AB 27. ABC 28. ABCD 29. AB 30. ABCD

IV. Identify the fragments?

Passasge 1

1. Song of Myself 2. Walt Whitman

3. The poet is celebrating himself, his own life. Lines 2-3 also include

\4. free verse

5. Leaves of Grass

Passage 2

1. Emily Dickinson 2. C 3. C

Passage 3

1. Uncle Tom' s Cabin 2. Harriet Beecher Stowe

3. He is the main character in the novel, a suffering slave, a victim of slavery.

Passage 4

1. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 2. Mark Twain

Passage 5

1. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

2. The words used here are, except perhaps \

French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a series of \and \\depended solely on the concrete object and action for the body and move ment of his prose. And what is more, there is an ungrammatical element which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book does approximate the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from the American South of the mid-nineteenth century.

Passage 6

1. Vie Cop and the Anthem 2. O. Henry

Passage 9

1. Sister Carrie 2. Theodore Dreiser

3. \is something that makes a person become low

in virtue and value and become worse. 4. Yes.

IV. Analyze the main works.

Work 1:

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Walt Whitman' s Song of Myself is a repertory of his thought. From a blade of \\outward, nothing collapses\\, present everywhere in life, leaves one with the impression of a divine omniscience beholding nature and man alike. It is only natural that \

myself\:\large, I contain multitudes. \

Through his senses, through his uninhibited imagination, and through his ecstatic joy in life and urge to creation, the experiences of American life are poured. He moves from himself to \violence of his nation, to love and death, to the pantheistic God in every object, to the future and to eternity. Then:

I depart as air, I shake my white locks at the runaway sun ... I stop somewhere waiting for you.

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Whitman's thought moves often about the layers of friend, lover, the \nation, humanity, to a kind of cosmic evolution or unity, a oneness with the universe. It comes from a form of Emersonian self-reliance and moves to the cosmos. The most limited and personal of his poems becomes the largest and most nearly universal.

Whitman extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity , the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man. Song of Myself reveals a world of equality, without rank and hierarchy. The prostitute draggling her shawl, the

President holding a cabinet council, the stately and friendly matrons on the piazza walk, the Missourian crossing the plains and an infinite number of other things and people Find their way into his poem and juxtapose with one another, illustrating the principle of democracy and equality. The poet, walking around, hears America singing. The mother is singing while setting food on the table. The carpenter is

singing, planing his boards. And the day is singing \catalogs of different people and different occupations indicate that here the new children of Adam are being restored to the Garden of Eden, developing their potentiality to the fullest extent possible. In a general sense Leaves of Grass is an Adamic song, and its author is an Adamic singer.

Work 7: Sister Carrie

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Chicago is the scene of Sister Carrie, in which Carrie is a pretty young girl whom Dreiser uses to express his own longings for wealth and affection, for the glitter and excitement of the city which has come to symbolize the possibility for the realization of the American Dream. The opening chapter, divided into two parts, is largely included here. It shows Carrie leaving home and taking the train to the city. The

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passage is typical Dreiser; he gives his thoughts about Carrie and the salesman she meets, and describes them minutely.

Dreiser's Sister Carrie is a typical naturalist novel. Carrie, according to Dreiser, becomes either someone under another' s care and protection \hands and becomes better), or the victim of a voracious city. There is no middle

ground. In either case, it is apparent that Carrie has little control over her life. \are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The mind, the soul, the body, is taken in. The beauty of the city is an illusion and a trap, which,\perverts the simpler human perceptions. \

Carrie is a \Dream. She is naive, although filled with self-interest, \youth. \had to recommend him, you may be sure was not lost upon Carrie, in this, her first glance\problems or forces of the world\comparison. Here is the success story, incarnate, she feels. \dress, with its black cotton tape trimmings, now seemed shabby. \\embarked upon the beginning of her end.

Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. __________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the

contemporary American literature.

2. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a

\

3. The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was_____________ . 4. The publication of The Waste Land, written by____________ , helped to establish a

modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.

5. In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town

provincialism in___________ .

6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his

masterpiece novel___________ .

7. The__________ of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's self-confidence. 8. An American woman writer named ____________ who had lived in Paris since 1903,

welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name \Generation\

9. _____ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern

States, and its effect on the lives of modern people, both black and white.

10. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the

\

11. Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem called______________ .

12. One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, _____________ , once came to the

attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.

13. Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with

the___________ Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.

14. Robert Frost' s first book___________ brought him to the attention of influential critics,

such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an authentic poet. 15. Robert Frost's second volume of poems was______________ . 16. \

17. _________ , one of Robert Frost' s longest poems, is a very witty and wise anecdotal

discussion about the values of life and character.

18. At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography

of__________ including \The Prairie Years\and \The War Years\.

19. Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tend ency to

represent it in literature such as in his___________ .

20. ______ was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one

another; he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.

21. At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems,

entitled___________ .

22. __________ is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures on poetry.

23. For the publication of his Collected Poems, ___________ received the National Book

Award and the Pulitzer Prize.

24. After his death, Wallace Stevens's previously uncollected works appeared under the

title__________ .

25. In 1915, __________ published his Prufrock and Other Observations.

26. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his____________ , containing, among other

essays, \27. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece_______________ , one of

the major works of modern literature.

28. As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his close

friend___________ in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.

29. Thomas Stearns Eliot' s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was

demonstrated by____________ , a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt. 30. In his work___________ , Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy

Fawkles men, whose world would end \

31. Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than_____________ ,

and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.

32. Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is________________ , a verse

play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.

33. Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was____________ , a profound meditation on