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基于PLC的风力发电机偏航控制系统设计

摘 要

由于化石资源的日益枯竭和人类对全球环境恶化的倍加关注，因此清洁绿色的风力发电技术已深受全世界的重视。本设计主要研究的偏航系统是风力发电机组的重要组成部分。由于偏航机构安装在机舱底部，通过偏航轴承与机舱相连。当风向改变时，风向仪将信号传到控制系统，控制驱动装置工作，小齿轮在大齿圈上转动，从而带动机舱旋转，是风轮对准风向。当机舱的旋转方向有接近开关进行检测，当机舱向同一方向达到极限偏航角度时，限位开关会及时将信号传到控制装置内，控制装置会迅速发出信号使机组快速停机，并反转解缆，经过上述过程从而实现偏航控制使风轮始终保持迎风状态。

根据边行系统的工作原理本设计所要解决的基本问题有： 1、实现自动偏航控制及手动偏航控制的双控制系统设计

2、设计偏航系统的制动装置以及扭缆、解缆保护装置的控制方法 3、了解偏航液压系统的作用、工作原理和控制方法。 4、编写驱动控制程序、扭缆、解缆保护程序。

关键词：风向，自动偏航，风向仪，偏航电机

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Design of Yaw Control System for Wind Motor Based on

PLC

ABSTRACT

Clean and green wind power technology has gotten great attention by the world because of the increasingly exhausted fossil resources and the more attention on the global environmental degradation. This design mainly researches the yaw system which is an important component of the wind turbine. Because the yaw mechanism installed at the bottom of the engine room and connected to the engine room through the yaw bearing. When the wind changes, wind vane will send the signal to the control system to control the drive work. The pinion rotated on the big gear ring, which can turn the engine room to make the wind wheel turbines on the direction of the wind. When the revolving direction of the engine room is closed to the switch to do detection and the engine room reaches the maximum yaw angle to the same direction, the limited switch will send the signals to the control device in time. Then the control device could quickly send a signal to make the set quick stop and turn over the cast loop. After above the process, it will realize the yaw control and make the wind wheel keep the state of facing the wind. According to the working principle of the edge system, this design should solve the problem as follow.

1、Realizing the double control system of automatic yaw control and manual yaw control;

2、Designing the brake device of yaw system and the controlling methods of protection device of the button cable and the cast loop;

3、Understanding the effect of yaw hydraulic pressure system, working principle and the controlling methods;

4、Writing the controlling program of drive and the protection program of button cable and cast loop.

KEY WORDS: Wind Direction, Automatic Yaw, Yaw Angle, Yaw Motor

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目 录

前 言 ................................................................................................ 1 第1章 绪 论 .................................................................................... 2

1.1 风力发电的介绍 ................................................................... 2 1.2 风力发电的发展历史 ........................................................... 2 1.3 中国风力发电的发展现状 ................................................... 4 第2章 风力发电机及偏航系统的工作原理 .................................... 5

2.1 风力发电机组的基本介绍 ................................................... 5

2.1.1 风力发电机的分类 ..................................................... 5 2.1.2 风力发电机的基本构成及及原理 .............................. 5 2.2 风力发电机偏航系统的介绍 ................................................ 6

2.2.1 偏航系统的分类 ......................................................... 6 2.2.2 偏航系统的组成 ......................................................... 7 2.2.3 偏航系统的功能及原理 .............................................. 8

第3章 风电机偏航系统总体设计 ................................................... 9

3.1 风电机偏航系统基本设计思路 ............................................ 9 3.2 设计方案选择 ..................................................................... 10 3.3 偏航系统硬件的选型 ......................................................... 10

3.3.1 电动机选型 ............................................................... 10 3.3.2 限位开关选型 ........................................................... 11 3.3.3 接近开关选型 ........................................................... 12 3.3.4 风向传感器的选型 ................................................... 14 3.3.5 PLC选型 .................................................................... 15

第4章 风电机偏航控制系统的硬件设计 ...................................... 18

4.1 风电机偏航系统工作过程 ................................................. 18 4.2 系统硬件设计 ..................................................................... 18

4.2.1 PLC I/O地址分配 ...................................................... 18 4.2.2 PLC端子连接图 ........................................................ 19 4.2.3 偏航电机主电路设计 ............................................... 20

第5章 风电机偏航系统软件设计 ................................................. 22

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