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Cup is a concave vessel，It is mostly made of ceramic though it is also available in metallic and even in glass.usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.

Cups and mugs have handles, Though there may be cups of many different shapes and sizes in the markets, the image that strikes one when he hears the word cup is that of a short, cylindrical vessel with a handle on one side.

A mug is made of porcelain while a glass is made of glass.Cups often come along with saucer ,a mug is a type of cup that is sturdier and comes without a saucer while cup and saucer are visualized as a pair.

A mug is usually bigger in size than a cup and mostly has a cylindrical shape.

cup总称杯子包括一般的coffee cup, paper cup(装星巴克的那种纸杯子)

plastic cup(KFC装冰块可乐的塑料杯)还有mug. 常说a cup of tea,a cup of coffee,常说a glass of water

(西班牙语中vaso是glass，taza是cup，copa是wine glass，Botella 是bottle，Bowl is Tazón)

A ball shape ,we call it sphere(球体)

A round shape, we call it circle,可以说a circular table或者 a round table但是多用round来形容圆形，即多用round做形容词。 A cylindrical shape, we call it cylinder A triangular shape,we call it triangle

A sphere is a solid figure球体是立体图形，plane figure平面图形口语化可用a flat shape

A cubic shape, we call it cube square可以做形容词和名词 Rectangle/rectangular

Cone/conical 圆锥体pyramid/pyramidal椎体 Pentagon/hexagon/octagon

Glass/Glassware 玻璃杯

Wine glass葡萄酒杯或者Standard Wine

Glass,there are hundreds of variations within this group,but your standard wine glass has a stem.Holding the glass by the stem transfers less heat to the wine, so your hand isn't warming it up.

Aroma is one of the most important elements with wine, which is why your wine glass should have a large opening.If you can't fit your nose in it while you're drinking, you need yourself some new glasses.

Basic rule of thumb: broader openings for reds, narrower for whites. That will get you through most situations.

Tulip or White Wine Glass Usually white and rose wine are served in slender, tulip-shaped glassware,and that's not just because of tradition. Smaller glasses help slow down any rise in

temperature from the chilled beverages, while the stem of the glass allows you to hold your drink without your hands heating it up)

Red Wine Glass Red wines should be served in larger, bowl-shaped glasses to increase surface area and allow for more aroma release. If you only own larger glasses, don’t freak out: White wine in a red glass will only mildly affect the taste, however, the smaller the glass, the colder it will stay. Fischman does warn against

Champagne in a red wine glass: The wider the surface area, the quicker it will lose carbonation, resulting in a flat drink.

Tumbler平底玻璃杯

This is often considered an all-purpose glass(注意consider的用法后面千万不要加as). At Franny's they use it for their table wine. That wine comes in temperature controlled, and because it's served at a table, it will spend more time sitting there than it will in your hand, so the stem isn't necessary for heat control.

Technically, a tumbler is any flat-bottomed glass; we get into more specific variations below. The specific glass shown here, though, is wide enough for your nose to take in the aromatics of your drink (probably wine), it's just not curved enough to trap in the vapors like a standard wine glass.

统称为flute或叫做champagne flute香槟杯

Mainly for champagne and other sparkling(起泡的) wines, the goal is to make the bubble last for as long as possible. There's often a bead etched at the bottom in an attempt to give the bubbles a single point of nucleation. Aroma isn't as important as a red wine,so the opening is smaller in an attempt to minimize the exposure to air.

The narrow, tulip-shaped flute is a familiar drinking vessel at weddings and toast-worthy occasions. “The carbonation is the major reason behind the shape,”Horvath says. The glass helps retain Champagne’s trademark carbonation, and the bowl is also designed to visually highlight the rising bubbles.

Brandy glass(白兰地杯又叫Snifter) A snifter is a short-stemmed glass with a wide bottom and relatively narrow top. The wider base allows room for swirling to release aromas, which then get trapped at the narrow top. A rounded bottom makes it easy to cup in your hand, simultaneously warming the liquor.

Martini glass(马提尼酒杯又叫Cocktail glass) Though the first sip can be a struggle not to spill, there is a point to the

martini glass’s cone shape: It prevents your ingredients from separating, says Betsy Fischman, co-founder of BoozeMenus.com. The long stem also ensures your hands won’t affect the temperature of the drink. As a bonus, “the martini glass is sexy no matter who’s holding it!” Fischman says.

Martini Glass Again, we've got stemware here to control the temperature of your alcohol. Why? Because drinks served in this glass will not have ice in them. They will be shaken or stirred with ice first, and then strained into it. It's chilled and up in that tall glass (don't confuse it with \

shape serves to help maintain temperature, keep the ingredients pushed

together (olives, spirits of different specific gravities, etc)and it provides a nice large surface area for the aroma, since you're typically drinking gin (or a Manhattan) and aroma is 90 percent of flavor.

Highball The highball glass is ideal for carbonated cocktails, Fischman says.”It’s best to keep less surface liquid exposed to air,”she explains.”The more exposed, the quicker the carbonation will evaporate, leaving you with a flat drink.” Order a gin and tonic, scotch and soda, or an anything-and-soda combo, and you’ll often find yourself holding a highball.

Lowball “Drinking a cocktail should be a pleasurable experience, and presentation and pleasure go hand-in-hand,”Fischman says. Lowball glasses are ideal for spirits or boozier cocktails (think scotch or brandy served on the rocks) because they average two to four ounces. Nice since drinking a two-ounce cocktail in a 10-ounce highball may feel a little awkward.

The Old Fashioned glass, lowball glass, or rocks glass is a short tumbler used for serving an alcoholic beverage, such aswhisky, with ice cubes (\rocks\Fashioned, from which it receives its name.

On the rocks 的意思是加冰块的[of an alcoholic drink] served with ice cubes. 例子I'd like mine on the rocks, please. Give me a scotch on the rocks, please.

Shot glass烈酒杯 Typical uses: shooters,designed to be hit back and swallowed in a single gulp.

Stemless Glass These are becoming a staple in modern kitchens, with their clean design and easy-to-clean shape (no worries about shattering a delicate stem here!). Stemless glasses are best for reds served at room temp since your hands holding the glass can unintentionally heat up cooler whites and roses.

装啤酒的杯子 American Pint Sometimes called a shaker, the American pint typically holds 16 ounces of suds. It has a simple, cylindrical shape that gradually widens at the top and is generally meant for lagers or brown ales, Ciancio explains. Although the large, wide glass is cheap to manufacture and easy to drink out of (making it a staple in most bars), it’s actually not the best way to bring out the aromas and flavors in many craft beers, he adds. (Try one of the options below instead.)

Imperial Pint American and imperial pints share the same basic characteristics (they're meant to hold beer, they're cheap, and they're easy to drink from), yet the