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2013年5月二级笔译真题
1. 英译汉第一篇：
节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade
原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/arts/08iht-singshow08.html
For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
十几年来，考古学家和历史学家都在研究一艘阿拉伯独桅帆船的船骸。它是1998年在印尼的勿里洞岛岛发现的。当时发现船骸的潜水员们根本没有意识到它会成为20世纪末为重要的海洋发现之一。
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
这艘独桅帆船当时运载着大宗的货物——有6万件瓷器和一大堆金器银器。这艘帆船的发现确立了中国唐朝和阿拉伯阿巴斯王朝之间通过海上丝绸之路进行的贸易有多么重要。同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产
贸易物资，并且对货物进行改制以满足西亚客户的需要。
“Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped ArtScience Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.
在莫什 ·萨菲德设计的崭新的莲花状的艺术科学博物馆里，“沉船残骸：唐朝财宝与季风”展展示了来自勿里洞岛船骸中的物品。这场展览是由本地的亚洲文明博物馆和华盛顿的亚瑟 ·麦·萨克雷美术馆赞助的，预计将在未来的五到六年里在世界各地的博物馆里巡展。
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”
“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。
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“这次展览生动的讲述了辛巴达航行去中国，寻求财富的故事。向我们展示了十九世纪的世界并不像我们所想的那样支离破碎。当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。”
Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
在勿里洞的发现之前，历史学家一直认为中国唐朝时期主要是沿着中亚内陆路线，尤其是丝绸之路进行贸易。古代记录显示，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。船上的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正有大宗的贸易往来进行着，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。
Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
雷比称：“这次发现规模之大，让我们意识到了两件事：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始工业化生产，而是中国当时已不再生产陪葬用的瓷器制品了。” 他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。“相反，砖窑去寻找其它市场，它们开始生产餐具，并且建立了出口市场。”
For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island.
十多年来，考古学家和历史学家一直在精心研究1998年在印度尼西亚我勿里洞岛附近发现的一膄19世纪单桅三角帆船残骸。
The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
发现这些残骸的深海潜水员们根本不会想到这终将成为20世纪末最重要的海洋发现之一。
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq.
由发现的60,000块瓷器碎片与大量金银器可见，这膄三角帆船当时运载着沉重的货物。这一发现还证实了海上丝绸之路对古中国唐朝与伊拉克阿巴斯王朝之间的双边贸易往来发挥的重要作用。
It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产贸易物资，并可订购满足西亚消费者需求的产品。 “Ship wrecked :Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck.
勿里洞岛沉船残骸在莫什 ·萨菲德设计的莲花状新型科学艺术博物馆中展出，这一展览名为“唐代珍宝与季风产物：沉船残骸”。
Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over thenext five to six years.
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由亚洲文明博物馆与华盛顿亚瑟 ·麦·萨克雷美术馆共同举办的展览将有望于在今后五到六年内环游世界，到他国进行展览。
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M.
“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。 Sackler Gallery.
“It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. 这一展览把我们带入了辛巴航行来到中国寻找财宝的生活中。
It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. 也向我们证明了19世纪的世界并不如我们想象中的那样支离破碎。
There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.” 当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。
Untilthe Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road.
直到勿里洞残骸被发现，历史学家们才知道古中国唐朝时期主要是通过陆路与中亚国家进行贸易往来，尤其是通过丝绸之路。
Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow.
古代记录表明，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。 Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
船上装载的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正在进行大量的贸易往来，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。 Mr. Raby said: 拉比称：“
“The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense ofChina as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” 本次发现规模之大，向我们传递了两个信息：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始进行工业化生产；二是中国不仅仅是只生产陪葬瓷器的国家。”
He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century.
他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。
“Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
反之，窑炉出产的产品正在寻求销售市场，当时的人们已经开始生产餐具并且开始从事出口贸易。
2. 英译汉第二篇：
同样节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：E.U. Signals Big Shift on Genetically Modified Crops
原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/business/energy-environment/10green.html Madeira is more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“outermost regions” of the European Union.
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马德拉距离非洲海岸超过500公里，是欧盟正式承认的“最偏远的地区”之一。
Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.
虽然位置偏远，在去年，马德拉却成了欧盟农业环境事务的焦点。当时葡萄牙向欧盟请求，允许其禁止在马德拉种植转基因作物，这是前所未有的。
Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.
上周，欧盟委员会静悄悄的放过了反对葡萄牙提议的最后期限，使葡萄牙自治区之一马德拉得以完全保持在转基因作物之外，成为了第一个从欧盟总部所在地布鲁塞尔获得正式许可的欧盟地区。
Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.
上周五葡萄牙政府的一名发言人表示，马德拉很可能会先走一步，执行这项禁令。
Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. 之前，个别的欧洲国家和地区也曾禁止过特定的转基因作物。
Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.
像奥地利，法国和意大利这些国家的很多消费者和农民，都认为转基因作物有潜在的危险性，很可能会污染有机食品。
But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.
但是，马德拉的例子却具有里程碑意义，因为委员会平时都是运营欧盟的日常事物，这是它第一次允许一个国家如此大规模的，明确的禁止转基因技术。
The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.
马德拉人的主要关注点集中在保护马德拉群岛的生物多样性和岛上的亚热带月桂树林。
Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier period of climate change.
这些被称作温带雨林的森林，曾广泛存在于欧洲大陆，却在几千年前的一次早期的气候变化期间被摧毁了。
That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.
据联合国教育科学文化组织称，这场气候剧变把“世界上存活量最大的月桂树林，以及一批独特的动植物” 留给了马德拉。该组织在1999年将马德拉温带雨林命为世界遗产地。
The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.
这片月桂林同样也吸引了越来越多的游客，是马德拉收入的重要组成部分。
In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told the commission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life. 在试图禁止马德拉的生物技术时，葡萄牙政府曾告知欧盟委员会，把包含转基因材料的作物与其它作物分离，将会是不可能的事。
The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and poses such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese told the commission.
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葡萄牙政府告诉该委员会：“故意种植转基因作物对自然带来的风险十分巨大，对马德拉的环境和生态健康也会造成重大威胁，所以不论是直接用于农业领域，还是实验规模的种植，冒险使用转基因作物都不值得。”
Madeirais more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“ outermost regions” of the European Union.
距非洲大陆500公里远的马德拉是欧盟正式承认的最遥远的国家之一。
Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.
尽管距非洲大陆有些遥远，然而，当去年葡萄牙请求欧盟委员会对马德拉种植生物科技作物一事进行严重惩罚时，马德拉却瞬间成为了欧盟农业与环境事务的焦点。
Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.
上周，委员会的默许让截止日期悄然滑过，而不予理会葡萄牙的要求。至此，马德拉，一个葡萄牙的自治区，成为正式得到布鲁塞尔认可的欧盟第一片领土，完全可以自由生产转基因产品。
Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.
马德拉可能将在以后实施禁令，葡萄牙政府的一位发言人在周五发言时称到。
Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. 之前，也有个别的欧洲国家或地区禁止某种转基因作物。
Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.
奥地利，法国与意大利这些国家的多数消费者与农户都认为转基因作物具有潜在的危险性，可能会污染原生态食品。
But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.
然而，对马德拉的关注确实是一个重要的标志。原因在于这是欧盟委员会在欧盟的日常事务中首次同意一个国家彻底明确的拒绝此项技术。
The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.
马德拉的注意力主要集中在如何保持马德拉群岛的生物多样性并保护岛上的亚热带月桂林。
Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands ofyears ago during an earlier period of climate change.
这些月桂林曾经遍布欧洲大陆的每个角落，但却在几千年前的一次早期气候变化中被摧毁了。
That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.
联合国教科文组织在1999年将马德拉月桂林列入为世界文化遗产名录，并称，马德拉具有世界上存活量最大的月桂林，并且生存着一批独特的动植物。
The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.
这片月桂林还吸引了大量游客，成为马德拉国家经济收入的一个主要来源。
In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told thecommission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life.
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