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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
2017考研英语语法解析之主谓一致
一般来说,主语是单数概念,则谓语用单数形式;主语是复数概念,则谓语用复数形式。主谓一致指位于动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致。掌握主谓一致的用法,在考研英语中至少有三方面好处:一是如果完型填空出现主谓一致考题可以快速破解;二是可以帮助考生在遇到长难句时迅速分析出句子的主干;三是在进行考研英语写作时可以正确造句。因此,老师建议广大考生重视主谓一致的问题。 1.集体名词作主语时,主语与谓语动词的一致
1)单复数同形的集体名词如police, people, cattle(牲畜), vermin(害虫), youth等,通常用作复数,随后的动词用复数。如:
The police are looking into the records of all thoseinvolvedin the crime.警察正在调查那些与犯罪有牵连的人的记录。
2)通常用作单数的集体名词:advice, baggage, equipment, news, machinery,knowledge, merchandise, furniture, scenery(风景), foliage(叶子),随后的动词用单数。如:
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)即可用作单数也可用作复数的集体名词:family, army, group, committee, army, group, committee, audience, jury, crowd, public, faculty, crew等。
上述名词如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果强调整体中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数。如:His family are all music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者 His family isn’t large.他家不是一个大家庭。 2.以并列结构做主语的主谓一致
1)当and连接两个主语表示一个单一概念时,谓语用单数,否则用复数。如:
To try and fail is better than not to try at all.尝试却失败比压根就不尝试好。 To mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.打算做和实际做是二码事。
Bread and butter is our daily food.面包和黄油是我们的日常饮食。
2)当and连接的单数主语前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Many a boy and many a girl has seenit. Many a boy and girl has seenit.
No teacher and no student was present at the opening ceremony.
3)如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, rather than, like, but, except, in addition to等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如:
A professor, together with hisassistants,was sent to help in this work. Theteacher, as well as thestudents, likes this novel.
4)由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)…, not…but等连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,其谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致。如:
Not only Joan but hersistersknow the code to the safe which contains the list
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凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!
of the family securities.
相比于从句、时态等语法点而言,主谓一致问题经常被中国考生所忽视,而它又恰恰是考研英语中经常出现的语法知识。希望大家在基础阶段打好基础,全面学习。 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循,但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧,要知道,想要精通世界上任何一门语言,除非有天生的语言天分,否则偷不得半分懒,只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍,默念不行就大声念出来,遇到不认识的单词就查,不懂的句子就静下心来拆分结构。总之,读书百遍、其义自现,英语学习之路上没有笨蛋,只有懒人。
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