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论文题目：

电动汽车蓄电池容量快速检测系统设计

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摘 要

本论文是对电动汽车铅酸蓄电池容量检测系统的设计，系统以STC89C52RC单片机为核心，选用恒流放电法测试蓄电池的容量，当电池的电压达到10.5V就会是停止放电。通过A/D转换电路采集电压信息，经过恒流放电电路得到蓄电池稳定放电时的电流值，用定时计数器测得蓄电池的放电时间，计算放电电流与放电时间的乘积，得到电池的容量。通过显示器显示其放电电流和电池容量，当测量值超出限定值时将有报警提示。

本设计采用恒流放电，能够确保更加准确的测量出蓄电池的容量。设计了恒流放电电路，可以得证蓄电池放电电流的动态稳定性。该检测系统的放电电路具有结构简单、便于调整等优点。通过蓄电池容量的计算公式，自动计算蓄电池的容量并显示出来。不需要人工计算，简单快捷。

关键词：铅酸蓄电池；容量检测；恒流放电

ABSTRACT

This paper is for electric automobile lead-acid battery capacity test system design, system will with STC89C52RC microcontroller as the core, choosing exile electric method to test the capacity of the battery, when the battery voltage is 10.5 V will be stop discharge. Voltage information will be collected by A/D conversion circuit, constant exile electric circuit to obtain the stability of the battery discharge when the current value, use timing counter measure battery discharge time, discharge current and discharge time of the product and get the capacity of the battery. Through the display shows the discharge current and battery capacity, when the measured value beyond the limit will be alarm prompt.

This design adopts the electric constant exile, to ensure that more accurately measure the battery capacity. Constant exile electric circuit was designed, which could have the dynamic stability of the battery discharge current. The test system of discharge circuit has the advantages of simple structure, easy to adjust. Automatically by the battery capacity calculation formula of calculating the capacity of the battery and displayed. Do not need artificial calculation, simple and quick.

Keywords: lead-acid battery;capacity detection;constant current discharge

目 录

1 前 言 ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究的目的及意义 ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究的现状 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 该研究的内容及创新点 ................................................................................................... 3

2 铅酸蓄电池 ........................................................................................................... 4

2.1 工作原理 ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 铅酸蓄电池的容量 ........................................................................................................... 5 2.3 影响铅酸蓄电池容量的因素 ........................................................................................... 6

3 硬件设计 ............................................................................................................... 9

3.1 STC89C52单片机的结构及功能简介 ............................................................................. 9 3.2 恒流放电电路设计 ......................................................................................................... 12 3.3 数字显示电路设计 ......................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Ａ/Ｄ转换电路设计 ........................................................................................................ 14 3.5 报警电路设计 ................................................................................................................. 15 3.6 键盘电路设计 ................................................................................................................. 16

4 软件设计 ............................................................................................................. 17

4.1 主程序设计 ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 子程序设计 ..................................................................................................................... 19

5 系统调试 ............................................................................................................. 25 6 总结及展望 ......................................................................................................... 26 致 谢 ..................................................................................................................... 27 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 28