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本科毕业设计说明书

题 目：一阶倒立摆最优控制器的设计 学生姓名：xx 学 院：xx 系 别：xx 专 业：xx 班 级：xx 指导教师：xx

二○○七 年 六 月

摘 要

倒立摆系统的控制研究长期以来被认为是控制理论及其应用领域里能引起人们极大兴趣的问题。它是检验各种新的控制理论和方法的有效性的著名实验装置。作为一个高阶、非线性不稳定系统，倒立摆的稳定控制相当困难，对该领域的学者来说是一个极具挑战性的难题。

首先，本文阐述倒立摆系统控制的研究发展过程，介绍了倒立摆系统的结构，并详细推导了一级倒立摆的数学模型，为更高层次的控制规律的研究提供了一个途径。其次，研究倒立摆系统的各种控制方法。其中包括有经典控制理论中的PID控制方法和最优控制理论中的极点配置法、LQR法。在MATLAB/SIMULINK的环境下，作了大量的系统仿真研究工作，比较了各种控制方法。最后，发现经过最优控制方法校正后的系统的性能优于经典控制方法校正后的系统的性能，而且最优控制较易实现。

关键词：倒立摆系统；经典控制理论；最优控制理论；系统仿真

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Abstract

The control of inverted pendulum system has long been considered an intriguing problem for control theory and its applications. It is well known as a test bed for new control theory and techniques. As a highly nonlinear and unstable system, the stabilization control of inverted pendulum system is a primary challenge for researchers in this field because of the difficulty of the problem.

Firstly, after introducing the development and current situation of inverted pendulum system research, the mechanism of inverted pendulum are presented. Mathematical model of the higher one level inverted pendulum is particularly educed in this chapter. Secondly, the thesis discusses mainly the control methods of inverted pendulum system based on the PID of classic control theories, the Pole arrangement and the LQR of modern control theories. And many system simulation researches on the stability of inverted pendulum have been done in the environment of MATLAB /SIMLTLINK. Finally, we will find that the performance of system which was adjusted by optimal control theory is better than the performance of system which was adjusted by classic control theory, and the optimal control is easier success than classic control.

Keywords: Inverted pendulum system; Classic control theory; Optimal control theory;

System simulation