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2017年职称英语理工B真题及答案（完整版）

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The majority of people around here are decent. A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy 2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.

A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official

3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.

A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. calm 5. Several windows had been smashed.

A. cleaned B. replaced C. fixed D. broken 6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results

7. London quickly became a flourishing port.

A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial 8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. justice C. model D. act 9. He led a very moral life.

A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honorable 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.

A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible 11. It was a magic night until the spell was broken. A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity 12. His professional career spanned 16 years. A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted

13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A. discover B. prove C. consider D. imagine

14. His knowledge of French is fair.

A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special 15. The group does not advocate the use of violence. A. limit B. regulate C. oppose D. support

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） So Many “Earths”

The Milky Way contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life

that's the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.

A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.

The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and

temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.

The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see .

The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.

Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life.

16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Climate Change: The Long Reach

1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.

2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years — and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3 Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet's environment could nudge (推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach — and warm — the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ―fast feedback.‖.

4 Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they're limited. From a climate change perspective. \for the next few generations,‖ he told Science News. ―But the world is not ending in 2100.‖ For his new study, Zeebe now focuses on ―slow feedbacks‖. While fast

feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life — as they relocate to more comfortable areas — are two examples of slow feedbacks.