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蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计

摘 要

通过对减速器的简单了解，开始学习设计齿轮减速器，尝试设计增强感性认知和对社会的适应能力，及进一步巩固已学过的理论知识，提高综合运用所学知识发现问

题、解决问题，以求把理论和实践结合一起，为以后的工作和更好的学习积累经验。 学习如何进行机械设计，了解机械传动装置的原理及参数搭配。学习运用多种工具，比如CAD等，直观的呈现在平面图上。通过对圆柱齿轮减速器的设计，对齿轮减速器有个简单的了解与认知。齿轮减速器是机械传动装置中不可缺少的一部分。机械传动装置在不断的使用过程中，会不同程度的磨损，因此要经常对机械予以维护和保养，延长其使用寿命，高效化的运行，提高生产的效率，降低生产的成本，获得最大的使用效率。

关键词：机械传动装置、齿轮减速器、设计原理与参数配置

I

In this paper

Through the simple understanding of the speed reducer, started learning design of gear reducer, attempt to design enhance the perceptual cognition and ability to adapt to society, and further consolidate the learned theory knowledge, to improve the integrated use of knowledge discovery and solve problems, in order to combine theory and practice together, for the later work and better learning experience.

Learn how to do mechanical design, to understand the principle of mechanical transmission device and parameter collocation. Study using a variety of tools, such as CAD, intuitive present on the floor plan. Through the design of cylindrical gear reducer, gear reducer is a simple understanding and cognition. Gear reducer is an indispensable part of in mechanical transmission device. Mechanical transmission device in use process, will be different degree of wear and tear, so often to mechanical maintenance and maintenance, prolong the service life and highly effective operation, improve production efficiency, reduce the cost of production, achieve maximum efficiency.

Keywords: mechanical transmission gear, gear reducer, the design principle and parameter configuration

II

目 录

摘要 ............................................................................ I In this paper .................................................................. II 1．电机选择 ........................................................................ 1 2．选择传动比 ...................................................................... 2

2.1总传动比 .................................................................... 2 2.2减速装置的传动比分配 ............................................................ 2 3．各轴的参数 ...................................................................... 2 3.1各轴的转速 ...................................................................... 2 3.2各轴的输入功率 .................................................................. 3 3.3各轴的输出功率 .................................................................. 3 3.4各轴的输入转矩 .................................................................. 3 3.5各轴的输出转矩 .................................................................. 3 3.6各轴的运动参数表 ................................................................ 4 4.蜗轮蜗杆的选择 ................................................................... 4 4.1选择蜗轮蜗杆的传动类型 .......................................................... 4 4.2选择材料 ........................................................................ 4 4.3按计齿面接触疲劳强度计算进行设 .................................................. 4 4.4蜗杆与蜗轮的主要参数与几何尺寸 .................................................. 6 4.5校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度 ............................................................ 7 4.6验算效率 ........................................................................ 7 4.7精度等级公差和表面粗糙度的确定 .................................................. 8 5．圆柱齿轮的设计 .................................................................. 8 5.1材料选择 ........................................................................ 8 5.2按齿面接触强度计算设计 .......................................................... 8 5.3计算 ............................................................................ 9 5.4按齿根弯曲强度计算设计 ......................................................... 10

III

5.5取几何尺寸计算 ................................................................. 11 6． 轴的设计计算 .................................................................. 12 6.1蜗杆轴 ......................................................................... 12 6.1.1按扭矩初算轴径 ............................................................ 12 6.1.2蜗杆的结构设计 ............................................................ 12 6.2蜗轮轴 ......................................................................... 14 6.2.1输出轴的设计计算 .......................................................... 14 6.2.2轴的结构设计 .............................................................. 14 6.3蜗杆轴的校核 ................................................................... 16

6.3.1求轴上的载荷 .......................................................... 16 6.3.2精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ...................................................... 18 6.4蜗轮轴的强度校核 ............................................................... 21 6.4.1精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ...................................................... 23 6.4.2精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ...................................................... 23 7.滚动轴承的选择及校核计算 ......................................................... 26 7.1蜗杆轴上的轴承的选择和寿命计算 ................................................. 27 7.2蜗杆轴上轴承的选择计算 ......................................................... 28 8.键连接的选择及校核计算........................................................... 31 8.1输入轴与电动机轴采用平键连接 ................................................... 31 8.2输出轴与联轴器连接采用平键连接 ................................................. 31 8.3输出轴与蜗轮连接用平键连接 ..................................................... 32 9．联轴器的选择计算................................................................ 32 9.1与电机输出轴的配合的联轴器 ..................................................... 32 9.2与二级齿轮降速齿轮轴配合的联轴器 ............................................... 33 10.润滑和密封说明 ................................................................. 33 10.1润滑说明 ...................................................................... 33 10.2密封说明 ...................................................................... 34 11．拆装和调整的说明............................................................... 34 12．减速箱体的附件说明............................................................. 34 13.设计小结 ....................................................................... 34

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14．参考文献 ...................................................................... 35

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