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内部文件，版权追溯 Unit 1 Cultural relics Section Ⅲ Grammar-限制性定语从句和

非限制性定语从句

语法图解

探究发现

①This gift was the Amber Room, whichwas given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.

②The amber whichwas selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey. ③However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ， to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.

④Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg whereshe spent her summers.

⑤This was a time when the two countries were at war.

⑥There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg, whichwas at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.

[我的发现]

(1)例句①中含which引导的非限制性定语从句；例句②中含which引导的限制性定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有逗号。

(2)以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有①③⑥；含限制性定语从句的有②④⑤。

一、定语从句的种类

根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

1．限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，

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主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。

This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday. 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。

The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy's English teacher. 在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。 2．非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。

He is English, which I know from his accent. 他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。

I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth. 我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。 [即时演练1] 用适当的关系词填空

①Holly, who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.

②The dictionary, which our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us. ③His parents wouldn't marry her to anyone whose family was poor.

④Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police. ⑤This was the reason why he was late yesterday. 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较 1．形式不同

限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 Here is the man who has been punished by the boss. 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)

The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion. 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 2．先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：

This is the best novel that I have ever read.

这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)

2

The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.

我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.

那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)

3．关系词的使用情况不同

(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why

Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him. 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。

I have told them the reason,for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同

①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。

This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)

The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)

②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。

She has a younger brother,who is an English teacher. 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。

This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago. 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)

The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句) [即时演练2]

(1)写出下列句子中which指代的内容

①Mike sold his old furniture, which made his father angry. which 指代Mike_sold_his_old_furniture

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