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2019-2020学年高考英语二轮专题复习定语从句导学案

【考纲解读】

根据考纲要求,考生应做到:

1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句; 2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句; 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致;

4. which与that的区别;as与which的区别;whose与of which的转换。 【预习导学】

一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who, whom, whose引导的定语从句

(1)who 或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。

①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ___________________I met in the English speech contest last year.

我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。

②I have many friends to __________ I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。

(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。

The school shop, _____________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生,放假时商店关门。 2.that, which引导的定语从句

(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。

She showed the visitors around the museum ____________ had been constructed three years before.

她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that 不用which的情况:

①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。

I refuse to accept the blame for something ___________ was someone else’s fault.

我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。

The only part of the meal _________ I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。

④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

They will never forget the things and persons ________ they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.

他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况: ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

The boy was away from home for a week, _________ worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。

②当从句中的介词提前,构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。

We live in an age _________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3.as引导的定语从句

(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as ...”结构中。 Such machines _______ are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 名师指津:

which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。

Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2013?安徽高考单选)

莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。

(2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。

常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。

“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ the old saying goes.

正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。” 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.where 引导的定语从句

where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词in/at/on ...+which”。 Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ____________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京高考单选)

=Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂,你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。 名师指津:

当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

2.when 引导的定语从句

when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...+which”结构。

I am looking forward to the day __________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南高考单选)

我正期盼那一天的到来,那时我女儿可以读这本书,并且了解我对她的感情。 3.why引导的定语从句

why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”结构。 Do you know the reason ________________ he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗? 名师指津:

非限制性定语从句中,常用for which 表示原因而不用why。

I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没有去开会。

三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句 1.介词和关系代词的确定

若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:

(1) 先行词的意思

(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配