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2018届二轮复习 短文改错考点角度三方面探究

高考短文改错主要从词法、句法、行文逻辑等三个角度设问，考查学生对语言知识的掌握和综合运用语言的能力。

一、从词法设问

检查考生对词汇的理解、记忆和辨别能力。在高考短文改错题中，这类改错题主要考查考生对单词、短语及固定搭配的理解、记忆和辨别能力。 1.多词或少词 (1)介词

[例1]Please help with me and give me some advice. (2015 课标) 解析：因help是及物动词，直接接宾语me，故with多余，应删除。

[例2]My soccer coach retired in last week. (2015 陕西) 解析：因last week前习惯上不用介词，故应删去in。

[例3]...and wait your teacher to lead you outside. (2014 四川)

解析：因wait for sb. to do(等待某人做某事)是固定搭配，故wait后加for。 (2)冠词

[例4]I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2015 浙江)

解析：因in a hurry是固定短语，所以在hurry前加a。

[例5]...as a result, nobody knew truth. (2012 浙江) 解析：是特指，应在truth前加the。

[例6]He was right there in the front of me. (2011 陕西)

解析：因in the front of意为“在……（内部）的前面”；in front of 意为“在……（外部）的前面”，“他就在我前面”肯定是我外部的前面，故删除其中的the。 2.错词 (1)介词误用

[例7] Unfortunately,on the development industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (2015 课标) 解析：on应改为with，表示“随着……”。

(2)a, an, the混用

[例8]...Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. (2014 辽宁) 解析：average 前的a应换成 an, 因average以元音音素开头。

(3)名词单复数的误用

[例9]...looking at some of the picture we had taken together. (2014 辽宁) 解析：picture 应改为pictures，因picture为可数名词，此处表示“一些照片”，故用其复数形式。

[例10] The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the tests. (2013 四川)

解析：tests应改为test,因本句指的是这一次测试，不用复数形式。

[例11] It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (2011 课标) 解析：luggages应改为luggage,因luggage为不可数名词，无复数。

(4)词性的混用

此类错误主要集中在形容词与副词的混用，形容词与名词的混用和动词与名词的混用等。

[例12] Dad and I were terrible worried. (2015 课标)

解析：修饰形容词worried应用副词, 故改terrible为terribly。

[例13]That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (2014 辽宁)

解析：作are的表语要用形容词，故改closely为close。

[例14]...but I know I’ll never fall sleep. (2013 浙江)

解析：作表语要用形容词，故改sleep为asleep，事实上可将fall asleep(入睡)作为固定短语来记。

[例15]Unfortunate,I had an accident and hit another car... (2012 浙江) 解析：放句首作状语，修饰整个句子，要用副词，故改Unfortunate为Unfortunately。

[例16]He has ruined his healthy. (2013 辽宁)

解析：作宾语或者说在形容词性物主代词后要用名词，故把healthy改为health。

二、从句法设问

检查考生对句子结构、复合句的理解、掌握及运用能力。这类错主要表现为：非谓语动词的错误，主谓不一致，连词的误用。

1. 非谓语动词的错误

[例17] I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (2013 陕西)

解析：因句中已有谓语动词shared了，take应为非谓语动词；又因take与逻辑主语photo是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故taking应改为taken。

[例18] I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. (2011 课标)

解析：buy应改为buying, 因为此处buy是主句谓语动词was的伴随状语，与主语I是主动关系，故用buy的现在分词。

[例19]Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. (2013 四川)

解析：因本句无谓语动词，asking应为谓语动词，根据上下文时态可知，要用一般过去时，故改asking为asked。

2. 主谓不一致

[例20]...what you should do when a fire alarm go off. (2014 四川) 解析：在when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为a fire alarm，是第三人称单数形式，故动词go改为goes。

[例21]Hard work have made him very ill. (2013 辽宁)

解析：因主语为hard work是第三人称单数形式，故改have为has。

[例22]...but the only clothes I had was those I had on. (2011 课标) 解析：主语为clothes，是复数，故改was为were。