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Part Ⅱ Using language——定语从句(1)

【思维导图】

Ⅰ.基本特征感悟 【感悟用法】

Police who/that raided(突然搜查) the London shop came from the wildlife Crime Unit.This is a special group whose job is to find products which/that are made from protected animal species and which/that are sold illegally in London. 【自我总结】

上文中黑体部分引导的是定语从句，它们均为关系代词。 Ⅱ.主要用法精讲

一、定语从句的定义与分类

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 二、关系代词的用法 1.who的用法

who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。

There is a girl who wants to see you.有个女孩儿想见你。 2.whom的用法

whom指人，在从句中作宾语，此时也可用who代替。 The old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker. 你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。 3.whose的用法

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whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom” 和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.

→This is the scientist the name of whom/of whom the name is known all over the country.

这就是那位全国知名的科学家。

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

→Please pass me the book the cover of which/of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 4.that 和 which 的用法区别

(1)which 指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。

This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days. 这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。

(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：

①当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something, everything, nothing等不定代词时。

Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? 能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？

②当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city. 这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。

Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。

③当先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。 This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.

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这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。 ④当先行词既有人又有物时。

Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? 你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？ 什么是定语？

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 什么是关系词？

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中作句子成分。 即学即练1

(1)用适当的关系代词填空

①The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.

②This is the building whose windows were all painted green.

③The author whom/who/that you criticized in your review has written a reply. (2)用定语从句合并句子

④Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her. →Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her. ⑤I’d like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently. →I’d like to take care of the child whose mother died recently. ⑥The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.

→The woman that/who/whom you are looking after is my mother. 即学即练2

用适当的关系代词填空

①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop. ②The most interesting book that I want to read is Howl’s moving castle. ③The most important thing that we should consider is the first idea that he has mentioned in his speech.

④Women who/that drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of

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