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高考真题熟词生义大荟萃(3)
一词多义的现象普遍存在,一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义,或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义,往往较难把握,因此造成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。为帮助学生提高在语境中学习、理解词汇的能力,笔者特此整理了近几年全国卷出现一词多义(熟词生义)的词汇,供教师、学生们作教、学参考。
21. monitor / pack
【真题原文】The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolfpacks in Yellowstone. (2017全国III卷阅读C篇)
【词义解释】①monitor常见的词义为“n. 班长”,此句中意为“to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it(v. 监控,监视)”。
②pack常用词义为“n. 包,包装,v. 打包装”,此句中意为“a group of animals that live and/or hunt together(n. 一群动物)”。
【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。 【小试牛刀】
①中央情报局正在对他的电话进行监听。 The CIA __________ his phone calls. ②一群野狗正在扑向一只兔子。
A __________ of wild dogs were rushing at a rabbit.
22. about
【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇)
【词义解释】about常用词义为“大约,关于”,此句中意为“in many different directions(四处,到处)”。
【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说,特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人,驾车(外出)对于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的,这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。 【小试牛刀】我跑了一上午到处找你。
I’ve been running __________ all morning trying to find you.
23. address
【真题原文】The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. (2017全国III卷阅读A篇)
【词义解释】address常用词义为“地址”,此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problem(处理)”。
【参考译文】DriveLAB正在帮助我们搞明白老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在,以及我们如何使用科技去解决这些问题。
【小试牛刀】这个男孩的学费问题尚未得到解决。 The boy’s problem of school fee hasn’t __________.
24. constant / fine
【真题原文】For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇) 【词义解释】① constant,熟悉的词义为“经常的;连续不断的”,本句的constant意为“staying the same, or not getting less or more(恒久不变的;稳定的)”。 ② fine熟悉的词义为“adj. 好的,健康的,晴朗的”,此句中意为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law(v. 罚款)”。 【参考译文】例如,我们大多数人都会希望老年人总是比其他每一个人都开得慢一点,但是我们惊讶地发现,在限速30公里时速路段,他们吃力地保持平稳的速度,同时他们更可能会超过限制速度而有被罚款的风险。 【小试牛刀】
①冰箱在恒温下保存食物。
The fridge keeps food ____________________. ②他因为有威胁恐吓行为而被罚100英镑。
He __________ £100 for using threatening behaviour.
25. life
【真题原文】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. (2017全国III卷语法填空)
【词义解释】life常用词义为“生命,生活”,此句中意为“energy or enthusiasm(活力,热情)”。