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考研翻译的命题原则:

1、所选择的体裁偏向于专业领域的学术文献

2、所选择的话题偏向文科、社会科学领域

3、划线的长度为30个单词左右，总长度为150个单词

考研翻译的评分标准=翻译标准=检查译文标准 准确：大意相同

通顺：说人话（准确是通顺的前提） 完整：要成句

翻译的方法：直接为主（直接翻译），适当意译（把意思说出来）（一句话4分钟） 考研翻译的步骤：

1、通读全句，查找连接（when，and）

2、分析成分，划分意群（前两步骤1分钟） 3、选择词义，适当草稿(看1分钟就动笔写) 读：多读汉语

4、调整通顺，书写译文（次序调整，词义选择）碰到生词：造句，填空，根据前后句 遇到多义词：同义替换

Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation(2000)

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of

international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］

Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation

一、核心词汇注释

act on

*1.按……行动，奉行 例：act on principles 根据原则办事 2.对……起作用，影响 例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。

build up

1.吹捧，赞扬，宣传 例：You have to build kids up—make them feel important. 你必须表扬孩子——让他们觉得自己重要。 2.使（某人）逐步恢复体力（尤指病后） 例：Build your mother up with nourishing food. 让你母亲吃点营养食品好逐步恢复体力。 *3.（使）增加，（使）增强，（使）扩大 例：build up one’s confidence/huge stockpiles of arms 增强信心/大量增加武器贮备

compel

vt. *1.强迫，迫使某人做某事 例：reports that children were compelled to participate in bizarre rituals 关于孩子们被迫参加古怪仪式的报道 2.激起，使产生（某种感情、态度） 例：His courage compels universal admiration. 他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬。

rate

n. ［C］ *1.速度，速率 例：Children learn at different rates.儿童学东西有快有慢。 2.the number of times sth happens or the number of examples of sth within a certain period比率，率，数量 例：birth/unemployment/crime rate 出生/失业/离婚

率（人数） 3.费用，价格 例：The sports centre has reduced rates for students. 运动中心对学生实行优惠。

vt. 1.对……作评估，评价 例：She is generally rated as one of the best modern poet.她被公认为最杰出的现代诗人之一。 2.值得，应得：They rate a big thankyou for all their hard work.他们的辛勤工作值得好好感谢。3.给（影片）定级

vi. 被认为，被评价为（后跟介词as） 例：Becker rates as one of the finest players of his generation.贝克尔被认为是他那一代人当中最优秀的运动员之一。

step sth up

*1.使增加，使上升，使加快 例：step up one’s pace/their social position 加快步伐/提高他们的社会地位 2.晋升，获得提升 例：You are going to be stepped up to manager. 你将被提升为经理。

unexploited

a. 未被利用的，未经开发的；exploit v. 剥削，榨取；利用，开发，开采 wastage

n. 耗费（量），损耗（量），（尤指）浪费；waste v. 浪费，滥用；（疾病）使消瘦、虚弱 n. 浪费；废料，废弃物 a. 废弃的，无用的；盛装或运送废物的

二、文章结构分析

本文从两个方面论述了现代政府在实施职能方面越来越依靠各个科学领域中的专家人才。一是政府依赖经济学、运筹学等领域的专家来干预经济，促进经济发展，从而增加人们的福利。二是由于人们产生新的需要、人口增长给改革增添了新的压力，从而使政府更加依赖生物学家和社会学家的决策。

2000年的翻译试题与往年相比较容易，考生的得分普遍较高。主要因为以下几个原因：（1）句子结构不太复杂，语法修饰关系比较清晰；（2）难理解的词汇少；（3）文章的背景知识简单，不造成理解障碍。具体而言，该部分主要考查了以下几点：逻辑词的翻译来体现句子内部逻辑；it is obvious that结构；被动语态、时态的翻译；多个因果分句的译法；带破折号的句子的译法；状语从句的译法。但是尽管本年翻译难度不大，依然有考生由于基础差的原因得分很低。因此考生在备考时，要着重从词汇和语法方面下手，加强基本功的练习。

三、试题具体解析

（31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

本题考核的知识点是：逻辑词的翻译。正确率：55% ［句子结构］ 该句为简单句，其主干是：this requires varying measures and hence the help。谓语require带了两个宾语 measures 和the help。本句的难点是hence的译法，它在句中是承上启下起连接作用的逻辑词，表明上半句内容“这需要程度不同的集中控制措施”导致了后半句话的内容“需要获得专家的协助”，即前因后果关系。因此Hence可译为“从而，从此”。

［词义确定］ varying意为“不同的”；operational research experts直译是“研究操作过程的科学家”，用术语翻译就是“运筹学专家”。

［标准译文］ 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。