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毕业设计

题 目 四立柱液压万能试验机

结构设计 学 院 机械工程学院 专 业 机械工程及自动化 班 级 机自0914 学 生 王淼 学 号 20090421334 指导教师 陶立英

二〇一 三 年 五 月 二十三 日

济南大学毕业设计

摘 要

工作目的:我们通过对液压万能材料试验机的机械部分的设计,加强对试验机功用的了解,巩固、加深和运用课本上的基本理论知识,掌握试验机的强度、刚度的计算方法,学会操作与之有关的机器和仪表来检测材料性能,初步培养独立确定设计方案、正确处理计算过程和计算结果的能力,通过设计还将培养严谨认真的学风,为中国的试验机业做出自己的贡献。

研究方法:本课题是对四立柱液压万能材料试验机主机结构进行设计,液压万能试验机是利用液压加荷,对金属材料拉伸、压缩、弯曲及剪切实验以及对塑料、水泥及混凝土等材料做压缩及弯曲实验用以检测材料力学性能的一种测试仪器。为了保证试验机指示负荷读书有较高的准确性,采用动摆测力计指示实验力。试验机分为主机和测力计两个部分。本课题的主要对试验机主机进行总体设计,该主机包括上部和下部两个部分,上部分包括油缸活塞和上压盘等结构,下部为主传动系统和试样的拉伸机构,包括电机调整空间的下钳口部分和液压油缸活塞通过反向架控制的上钳口(动横梁)部分进行的方案论证、计算说明、结构设计以及设计说明。

成果和结论:在这次设计中将会对液压万能材料试验机的结构做一个全面的分析,从强度和刚度的计算着手,对四立柱液压万能试验机的总体结构及关键零部件进行全面的设计,对所设计的内容进行详细的分析计算和说明。

关键词:动力系统;试验机;液压部分;钳口

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济南大学毕业设计

ABSTRACT

Though the strengthening essential to the design of the testing machine, the mechanical part of the design of the hydraulic universal testing machine, we should strengthen the understanding of the function of the testing machine, consolidate, deepen and basic theoretical knowledge on the use of textbooks, master testing machine strength, stiffness calculation method, relating to learn how to operate the machine and instrumentation to detect the material properties, preliminary design culture determined independently, correctly handle the calculation and calculation results, the design will also develop rigorous style of study, China testing machine industry to make its own contribution.

Methods: The issue is the four-column hydraulic universal testing machine host structure design, hydraulic universal testing machine using hydraulic loading, metallic materials tensile, compression, bending and shear test as well as plastic, cement and concrete material compression and bending test to detect mechanical properties of a test instrument. In order to ensure that the testing machine indicates that the load reading has a higher accuracy, the pendulum dynamometer indicates the experimental force. The testing machine is divided into the host and dynamometer two parts. This issue is the major overall design of the testing machine host, the host, including both upper and lower parts, on the part of the structure of the cylinder piston and the pressure plate, the lower part of the main drive system and the tensile institutions, including motor adjustment the lower jaw part of the space and the hydraulic cylinder piston upper jaw reverse frame control (dynamic beam) part of the demonstration program, calculations show that the structural design and design specifications.

Comprehensive results and conclusions: In this design the structure of the hydraulic universal testing machine to do a comprehensive analysis proceed from the calculation of the strength and stiffness of the overall structure and key components of the four-column

hydraulic universal testing machine design, detailed design analysis and calculation and description.

Keywords: power system; testing machine; hydraulic part; jaw

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济南大学毕业设计

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………….I ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………II 1前言……………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 材料试验机的国内外研状.........................................................................................1 1.2 材料试验机的当前技术发展趋势………………………………………………….1 1.3 设计的技术要求…………………………………………………………………….1 2 材料试验机的机械部分…………………………………………………………………2 2.1 材料试验机的结构说明.............................................................................................2 2.2材料试验机工作原理………………………………………………………………..2

2.2.1主体部分……………………………………………………………………...2 2.2.2测力计………………………………………………………………………...3 2.2.3操作按钮……………………………………………………………………...4 2.3材料试验机的主要用途及使用范围………………………………………………..4 3主要零部件的分析、计算及校核…………………………………………………….....5 3.1机座的强度计算……………………………………………………………………..5 3.2机座的变形计算……………………………………………………………………..6 3.3下钳口座的强度计算………………………………………………………………..7 3.4下钳口座的变形……………………………………………………………………10 3.5连接螺栓的强度校核………………………………………………………………11 3.6油缸座的强度校核…………………………………………………………………11 3.7横梁的强度校核……………………………………………………………………15 3.8支柱的强度及稳定性校核…………………………………………………………17

3.8.1支柱的强度校核…………………………………………………………….17 3.8.2支柱的稳定性校核………………………………………………………….17 3.9丝杠的强度校核……………………………………………………………………18 3.10电机功率的校核…………………………………………………………………..19 3.11螺母的强度校核…………………………………………………………………..20

3.11.1螺纹副耐磨性计算…………………………………………………………20 3.11.2螺牙的强度计算……………………………………………………………21 4 材料试验机液压部分结构设计及说明………………………………………………..22 4.1液压动力置…………………………………………………………………………22 4.2液压传动系统………………………………………………………………………22 III - -

济南大学毕业设计

4.3送油阀及回油阀……………………………………………………………………23 4.4缓冲阀………………………………………………………………………………23 4.5液压夹持控板………………………………………………………………………24 5 结论……………………………………………………………………………………..25 参 考 文 献………………………………………………………………………………26 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………..27

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