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毕设附件：外文文献 原文+译文 文献出处 作者：Russell D

期刊：World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research第3卷，第1期， 151-160 原文

The study on the development pattern of port logistics

Russell D

Abstract

World port logistics development mode of port management and port logistics operation mode, among them, the port management mode is the foundation, is the essence of the port logistics operation model constraint. With the port development course, the world of port management mode is gradually changing. At present, the management mode of typical ports in the world are mainly represented by the Hong Kong port of private enterprise management mode and represented by Singapore's port of the common management mode, etc. This paper probes into the world, summarized the typical port logistics development mode analysis, provide enlightenment for the development of port logistics. Keywords: Port logistics; Operate pattern; Port management 1 Port management pattern

1.1 Private enterprise management pattern

Private enterprise management mode refers to the investment in infrastructure construction and port management is carried out by private enterprise management mode. Completely by the private management of ports in the world is not much, more representative is Hong Kong port. Almost all the port of Hong Kong port facilities built by private investment and management, the container terminal completely follow the policy of free port. In kwai chung port, for example, the terminal of 19 container berth respectively by hutchison whampoa, the United States marines, Hyundai and Cosco (with hutchison whampoa, the joint venture) four companies management, port of the private enterprise business rarely by government intervention, a

market-oriented, completely independent pricing. Private management pattern is the main characteristic of management market, high efficiency, but because the private enterprise capital scale and the capital required for port investment operation scale, there is a huge gap, therefore this model will be restricted to a certain extent port of long-term investment and planning and development. 1.2 Common management pattern

In the common management mode, the port is invested and managed by the government, state-owned enterprises, and private enterprises jointly. This model is not only the world's most common mode of port management, is also the government and state enterprises management mode port development direction and trend of the reform. This trend is also known as port of commercialization or privatization, the main characteristic is to break the single port by the state or government management mode, to minimize the government directly participate in the management of port operation, the Singapore port management belongs to the pattern. Singapore port after the port management system reform, the original port authority is divided into Singapore bureau of shipping and port and Singapore port group. Shipping and port bureau mainly deal with port and shipping regulation and technical problems, it is mainly undertake the port investment, operation and management functions. To Singapore port privatization reform brought great benefit, not only to enhance the enterprise staff's service consciousness, and thus reduce the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency, and increase the enterprise overseas investment, further consolidate the Singapore port in the advantage position in the international shipping.

2 Operation pattern analyses of port logistics

In the context of port management model, after long-term exploration and practice, in the world at present has formed four typical port logistics operation mode, including the landlord type logistics center mode, joint venture type logistics center model and independent model of logistics center and supply chain model and joint logistics center.

2.1 The port of Rotterdam logistics operation mode

Landlord type logistics center model is created by the port of Rotterdam and development, so also called Rotterdam port logistics operation mode. In this mode, the port authority has a lot of management autonomy and the land use right, is united by the port area of terminal facilities, industrial land management, and other facilities. Usually by the port authority took out part of the warehouse and yard into the public port logistics center, but its only responsible for the management and provides the infrastructure and supporting services, itself does not directly participate in the management of logistics center. When after the completion of the logistics center by the port authority is the key to choose business solid foundation and good reputation logistics business practice, gradually absorb the industrial and commercial enterprises to join the logistics center, make raw material procurement, distribution and other functions to a logistics center is responsible for, to participate in the supply chain management. Type landlord port logistics operation mode of logistics center represents a direction of the port logistics development in the world, in addition to the port of Rotterdam, currently in the United States New York/New Jersey port, port of Baltimore, Germany's Hamburg's seaport and the French port of Marseille and other world famous ports adopt this model. 2.2 The Antwerp port logistics operation mode

Joint venture type logistics center is a joint venture of port logistics center, the pattern by creating and development of the port of Antwerp, also called to Antwerp port logistics operation mode. This model is based on ports, several water and land transport enterprises, joint or in the form of share-holding system of modern logistics center, as loading and unloading, and the unity of warehousing, transportation, distribution, information processing, to carry out a dragon, door to door, to the comprehensive service. The advantage of this model is on the one hand can solve the port the plight of lack of funds, on the other hand, through cooperation with domestic and foreign advanced logistics enterprises, faster to understand and grasp the international operation and management technology of modern logistics center and works.

2.3 Port of Hong Kong logistics operation mode